{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:26:05Z","timestamp":1790886365511,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]],"date-time":"2018-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10CA098543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10CA098543"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10CA098413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10CA098413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006364","name":"Institut National Du Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vaginal\/uterine rhabdomyosarcoma (VU RMS) is one of the most favorable RMS sites. To determine the optimal therapy, the experience of four cooperative groups (Children's Oncology Group [COG], International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) Malignant Mesenchymal Tumor Group [MMT], Italian Cooperative Soft Tissue Sarcoma Group [ICG], and European pediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group [EpSSG]) was analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 1981 to 2009, 237 patients were identified. Median age (years) at diagnosis differed by tumor location; it was 1.9 for vagina (n\u00a0=\u00a0160), 2.7 for uterus corpus (n\u00a0=\u00a026), and 13.5 for uterus cervix (n\u00a0=\u00a051). Twenty\u2010eight percent of patients received radiation therapy (RT) as part of primary therapy (23% COG, 27% MMT, 46% ICG, and 42% EpSSG), with significant differences in the use of brachytherapy between the cooperative groups (23% COG, 76% MMT, 64% ICG, and 88% EpSSG).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten\u2010year event\u2010free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 74% (95% CI, 67\u201379%) and 92% (95% CI, 88\u201396%), respectively. In univariate analysis, OS was inferior for patients with uterine RMS and for those with regional lymph node involvement. Although EFS was slightly lower in patients without initial RT (71% without RT vs. 81% with RT; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.08), there was no difference in OS (94% without RT vs. 89% with RT; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.18). Local control using brachytherapy was excellent (93%). Fifty\u2010one (51.5%) of the 99 survivors with known primary therapy and treatment for relapse were cured with chemotherapy with or without conservative surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>About half of all patients with VU RMS can be cured without systematic RT or radical surgery. When RT is indicated, modalities that limit sequelae should be considered, such as brachytherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]],"date-time":"2018-05-21T12:14:55Z","timestamp":1526904895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Localized vaginal\/uterine rhabdomyosarcoma\u2014results of a pooled analysis from four international cooperative groups"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0296-5207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronique","family":"Minard\u2010Colin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology Gustave Roussy  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Walterhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago  Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Bisogno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Padova University  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Martelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery CHU Bicetre  Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Clinical Research Merck Research Laboratories  North Wales Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Rodeberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery East Carolina University  Greenville North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4724-0517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori  Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meriel","family":"Jenney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology University of Wales  Cardiff United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5234-4134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne","family":"Wolden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York City New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"De Salvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Unit IRCCS Istituto Oncologico Veneto  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Arndt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Mayo Clinic and Foundation  Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes H. M.","family":"Merks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Centre  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soledad","family":"Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Schwob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Gustave Roussy  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Haie\u2010Meder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy Gustave Roussy  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology Centre Leon Berard  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C. 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