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Novel diagnostic tests and genomic discoveries are refining historical diagnoses of Evans syndrome and common variable immunodeficiency, while also elucidating the cellular and molecular basis for these disorders. Genetic characterization of chronic and refractory autoimmune cytopenias has led to targeted therapies with improved clinical outcomes and fewer off\u2010target toxicities. In this review, we focus on the appropriate diagnostic workup, expanded genetic testing, and novel treatment opportunities that are available for these challenging patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T08:46:05Z","timestamp":1527842765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Diagnosis and management of chronic and refractory immune cytopenias in children, adolescents, and young adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2896-1113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seth J.","family":"Rotz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital  Cleveland 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