{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:59:59Z","timestamp":1791896399501,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010327","name":"Cincinnati Children\u2019s Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010327","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DK090971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK090971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Uganda Sickle Surveillance Study provided evidence for a large sickle burden among HIV\u2010exposed infants in Uganda. To date, however, no large scale screening program has been developed for Central or East Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 3\u2010year targeted sickle cell screening project in Uganda was designed by the Ministry of Health to (1) determine sickle cell trait and disease prevalence within high\u2010burden districts, (2) document the prevalence among HIV\u2010exposed and nonexposed children, (3) confirm previously suggested HIV comorbidity, and (4) estimate the co\u2010inheritance of known genetic modifiers of sickle cell disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 163\u00a0334 dried blood spot samples collected between April 2015 and March 2018 were analyzed, including 112\u00a0352 samples within the HIV Early Infant Diagnosis program. A high burden with &gt;1% sickle cell disease was found within targeted East Central and Mid\u2010Northern districts, in both HIV\u2010exposed and nonexposed children. Based on crude birth\u2010rate data, 236\u00a0905 sickle cell trait births and 16\u00a0695 sickle cell disease births will occur annually in Uganda. Compared to sickle cell disease without HIV, the odds ratio of having sickle cell disease plus HIV was 0.50 (95%\u00a0confidence interval\u00a0=\u00a00.40\u20100.64, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). Alpha\u2010thalassemia trait and G6PD deficiency were common with sickle cell disease, but with different geospatial distribution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>High sickle cell burden and potential HIV comorbidity are confirmed in Uganda. Genetic modifiers are common and likely influence laboratory and clinical phenotypes. These prospective data document that targeted sickle cell screening is feasible and effective in Uganda, and support development of district\u2010level comprehensive care programs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T07:22:00Z","timestamp":1557991320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Sickle cell screening in Uganda: High burden, human immunodeficiency virus comorbidity, and genetic modifiers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Charles","family":"Kiyaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Public Health Laboratories Ministry of Health  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3079-4695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arielle 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