{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T22:24:38Z","timestamp":1773527078001,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,16]],"date-time":"2020-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an important, hidden cause of childhood mortality worldwide. It is most prevalent in sub\u2010Saharan Africa where national newborn screening programs remain unavailable and most children in rural areas are never diagnosed. We conducted a study at a rural district hospital in northern Tanzania to determine the birth prevalence and community awareness of SCD and to determine the feasibility of using point\u2010of\u2010care testing to enroll newborns in a new SCD clinic for ongoing treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design\/methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We screened infants at Shirati KMT hospital for SCD using HemoTypeSC, an inexpensive point\u2010of\u2010care test. Infants who screened positive were enrolled in the SCD clinic and instructed to return at 6\u201012\u00a0weeks for confirmatory testing, counseling, and preventive care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 999 newborns were screened from February to September 2019. Among these, 31.6% (315\/999) had sickle cell trait and 3.9% (39\/999) had SCD. No hemoglobin C was detected. Very few parents knew their own sickle cell status (0.3%). At 5\u00a0months after completion, 12 infants from the screening study and 30 additional children had been seen at the SCD clinic for ongoing counseling and care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Birth prevalence of SCD in rural Tanzania is extremely high and community awareness is low. Newborn point\u2010of\u2010care testing enhances case finding and enables early enrollment in preventive care for SCD, even in rural sub\u2010Saharan Africa with minimal laboratory capacity. SCD\u2010specific clinical services implemented at the district hospital level could expand access to many children and significantly reduce early SCD morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T08:59:47Z","timestamp":1598605187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Extremely high birth prevalence of sickle cell disease in rural Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6123-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Eastburg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester Medical Center  Rochester New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Peckham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester Medical Center  Rochester New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Kawira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirati KMT Hospital  Shirati Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bwire","family":"Chirangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirati KMT Hospital  Shirati Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester Medical Center  Rochester New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian Dee","family":"Akungo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirati KMT Hospital  Shirati Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luke R.","family":"Smart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6225-6448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuela E.","family":"Ambrose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Catholic University of Health &amp; Allied Sciences and Bugando Medical Centre  Mwanza Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61229-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01671"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.036673"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"World Health Assembly 59.Sickle\u2010Cell Anaemia: report by the Secretariat. World Health Organization;2006.https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/20890"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-07-233700"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23683"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1911298"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-05-1453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1572-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics.Mortality and Health. National Bureau of Statistics. The United Republic of Tanzania. Published July 2015.https:\/\/www.nbs.go.tz\/nbs\/takwimu\/census2012\/Mortality_and_Health_Monograph.pdf. Accessed March 31 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"CDC.Infant Mortality. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated March 27 2019.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/reproductivehealth\/maternalinfanthealth\/infantmortality.htm. Accessed March 19 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2019.01.007"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pbc.28620","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pbc.28620","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pbc.28620","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T20:53:32Z","timestamp":1693860812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pbc.28620"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,16]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pbc.28620"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pbc.28620","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-5009","1545-5017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-5009","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-5017","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e28620"}}