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Little is known about treatment and outcome in infants and relapsed disease (RD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Characteristics, treatment, and outcome of 71 children with FGU\u2010RMS registered within five Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) trials and one registry (1981\u20102019) were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>FGU\u2010RMS was diagnosed in 67 patients with localized disease (LD) at a median age of 2.89\u00a0years (0.09\u201018.08). Multimodal treatment consisted of chemotherapy (CHT) (n\u00a0=\u00a066), secondary surgery (n\u00a0=\u00a032), and radiotherapy (n\u00a0=\u00a011). Age at diagnosis \u226412\u00a0months was the only significant negative prognostic factor influencing the event\u2010free survival (EFS). Ten\u2010year EFS and overall survival (OS) for infants \u226412\u00a0months were 50% and 81%, respectively. In contrast, children with LD &gt;1\u00a0year and \u226410\u00a0years had a 10\u2010year EFS and OS of 78% and 94% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.038), and &gt;10\u00a0years of 82% and 88%, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.53). Metastatic disease was observed in four patients of which three are alive. RD occurred in five of 12 infants \u22641\u00a0year and 10\/55 children at a median of 1.38\u00a0years (0.53\u20102.97) after initial diagnosis. Treatment of patients with RD consisted of multimodal treatment (n\u00a0=\u00a013) or resection only (n\u00a0=\u00a02). Nine patients (60%) were alive in clinical remission at a median of 7.02\u00a0years (1.23\u201016.72) after diagnosis of RD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infants with FGU\u2010RMS have a higher relapse rate than older children with FGU\u2010RMS, but prognosis is fair.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T11:49:30Z","timestamp":1610711370000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genitourinary tract: Primary and relapsed disease in infants and older children. Treatment results of five Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) trials and one registry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9551-2399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Sparber\u2010Sauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics 5 (Oncology, Hematology, Immunology) Klinikum Stuttgart \u2010 Olgahospital, Stuttgart Cancer Center, Zentrum f\u00fcr Kinder\u2010, Jugend\u2010 und Frauenmedizin  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malin","family":"Matle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University Hospital  Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4138-4536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Vokuhl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pediatric Pathology Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Hallmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics 5 (Oncology, Hematology, Immunology) Klinikum Stuttgart \u2010 Olgahospital, Stuttgart Cancer Center, Zentrum f\u00fcr Kinder\u2010, Jugend\u2010 und Frauenmedizin  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thekla","family":"von Kalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology Klinikum Stuttgart \u2010 Olgahospital, Stuttgart Cancer Center, Zentrum f\u00fcr Kinder\u2010, Jugend\u2010 und Frauenmedizin, Olgahospital  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"M\u00fcnter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiotherapy Klinikum Stuttgart  Stuttgart 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