{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T09:21:22Z","timestamp":1770888082770,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high proportion of pediatric patients with brain tumors (BTs) are known to experience a decline in neurocognitive function after treatment. We prospectively examined neuropsychological functioning of patients with BTs of varying tumor types at different time points before, during, and after proton beam therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 98 patients with posterior fossa tumors (PFTs; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a033), germ cell tumors (GCTs; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a052), and other supratentorial tumors (STTs; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a013) underwent baseline neuropsychological assessments and 57 patients underwent follow\u2010up assessments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All groups displayed significantly lower performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) and processing speed (PS) scores than the normative means at baseline. The PFT group exhibited significantly lower scores for full\u2010scale IQ, PIQ, PS, attention, and executive function. The GCT group displayed full\u2010scale IQ scores within the normal range, but a significantly high proportion had memory deficits. In the STT group, all functions except for the PIQ and PS were intact. Longitudinal evaluations demonstrated stable global IQ scores over time in all groups. In the PFT group, verbal comprehension, attention, and PS improved over time. However, in the GCT group, verbal IQ scores declined significantly and psychological problems worsened over time, which were correlated with poorer neurocognitive function at 3\u20135\u00a0years after treatment. In the STT group, no significant changes were observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Because patients with BTs exhibit various types of neurocognitive deficit before radiotherapy, early cognitive treatment tailored to the tumor type maybe beneficial. Interventions for psychological problems and memory function may be necessary, especially for patients with GCT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.29430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T13:26:51Z","timestamp":1636723611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Neurocognitive and psychological functioning of pediatric brain tumor patients undergoing proton beam therapy for three different tumor types"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7612-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Hee","family":"Youn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Proton Therapy Center National Cancer Center  Goyang Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4331-7679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boram","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proton Therapy Center National Cancer Center  Goyang Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun\u2010Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proton Therapy Center National Cancer Center  Goyang Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boram","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Collaboration Unit National Cancer Center  Goyang Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Song Ei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proton Therapy Center National Cancer Center  Goyang Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun\u2010Seung","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Clinic National Cancer Center  Goyang Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joo\u2010Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proton Therapy Center National Cancer Center  Goyang Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(04)01507-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2011.632462"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70148-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19880915)62:6<1215::AID-CNCR2820620629>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.62.2589"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016674"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.11.3476"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.5.1723"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsl056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nor013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24746"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.21.2738"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.1.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","volume-title":"Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children","author":"Kwak K","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"Manual for Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u2010IV (K\u2010WISC\u2010IV)\u2010manual","author":"Kwak K","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","volume-title":"Korean\u2010Wechsler Preschool And Primary Scale Of Intelligence","author":"Park H","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","volume-title":"K\u2010WPPSI\u2010IV Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence","author":"Park H","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","volume-title":"The Manual of Korean\u2010Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale","author":"Yum T","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"HwangS KimJ ParkK ChoiJ HongS.Standardization of the K\u2010WAIS\u2010IV. 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