{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T10:04:39Z","timestamp":1753869879104,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retinoblastoma (RB) tumors having high\u2010risk histopathologic features (HRFs) have an increased risk of metastasis and disease relapse. However, RB has not been studied widely in Pakistan. Therefore, we evaluated the association of clinical, histopathologic, and radiological findings with HRFs in patients with RB who were treated at the Indus Health &amp; Hospital Network in Karachi, Pakistan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled treatment\u2010na\u00efve patients with RB who received upfront enucleation from September 2017 to February 2021. We evaluated enucleated eyes with the Intraocular Classification of Retinoblastoma system and classified HRFs as invasion of the anterior chamber, including the iris and ciliary body, or massive invasion of the choroid, sclera, or optic nerve (postlaminar and\/or up to the transection line).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 117 patients with RB treated at our institution during the study period, 54 received upfront enucleation. Unilateral disease was present in 92.6% of cases. The most frequent disease signs and symptoms included the presence of vitreous seeds (30.6%) and leukocoria (100%), respectively. The most frequent HRFs and radiological findings comprised massive choroidal invasion (15.1%) and anterior chamber enhancement (66.7%), respectively. The majority (62.9%) of patients did not exhibit any HRFs. Female sex, pseudohypopyon, iris neovascularization, buphthalmos, and glaucoma had significant predictive ability for HRF occurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pseudohypopyon, iris neovascularization, buphthalmos, and glaucoma are important clinical factors that should be taken into consideration before the management of RB. Early recognition of high\u2010risk histopathological and radiological features is essential for appropriate treatment of RB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.29625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T04:14:10Z","timestamp":1646626450000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Correlation of clinical and radiological predictors of retinoblastoma with high\u2010risk histopathological features"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4387-9628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nausheen","family":"Yaqoob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Histopathology Indus Hospital &amp; Health Network  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nida","family":"Zia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Oncology Indus Hospital &amp; Health Network  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmer","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Oncology Indus Hospital &amp; Health Network  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bushra","family":"Kaleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indus Health Research Center Indus Hospital &amp; Health Network  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Indus Hospital &amp; Health Network  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Layton Rahmatulla Benevolent Trust (LRBT)  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6645-4895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Qaddoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Global Pediatric Medicine and Oncology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital  Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Histopathology Indus Hospital &amp; 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