{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:35:40Z","timestamp":1790832940788,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric primary malignant liver tumor, its incidence has been increasing worldwide, but recent changes in incidence and outcomes with high population coverage are not well characterized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We defined the incidence of HB diagnosed during 2003\u20132017 from United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database, and survival during 2001\u20132016 from the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR). Data were stratified by sex, race\/ethnicity, age, tumor stage, county population, and diagnosis year. Incidence trends were assessed by calculating average annual percent change (AAPC) using Joinpoint regression. Differences in overall 5\u2010year survival were estimated using Cox regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>2178 HB cases with an annual incidence rate of 1.76 per million persons were identified and incidence increased over time (AAPC\u00a0=\u00a02.2, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9\u20133.6). The 5\u2010year relative survival was 76.9% (95% CI: 74.9\u201378.8) and the risk of death was lower for cases diagnosed after 2009 (hazard ratio [HR]\u00a0=\u00a00.77, 95% CI: 0.63\u20130.94), higher for ages 3\u20137\u00a0years and 8\u201319\u00a0years compared to 0\u20132\u00a0years (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.38, 95% CI: 1.10\u20131.76 and 1.83, 95% CI: 1.31\u20132.70, respectively), for distant compared to locoregional stage (HR\u00a0=\u00a02.77, 95% CI: 2.27\u20133.36), and for non\u2010Hispanic Black compared to non\u2010Hispanic White cases (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.39, 95% CI: 1.02\u20131.84).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HB incidence increased, and survival improved over the study period. Disparities in survival exist by age, race or ethnicity, and stage. Further studies could identify factors affecting increases in HB cases, inform future interventions, and address disparities in outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.29763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T06:06:01Z","timestamp":1653026761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Incidence and 5\u2010year survival of children and adolescents with hepatoblastoma in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Justin A.","family":"Kahla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine, School of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shifan","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyberdata Technologies, Inc.  Herndon Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Lupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology, Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Cancer and Hematology Centers Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer H.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology, Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Cancer and Hematology Centers Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Scheurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology, Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Cancer and Hematology Centers Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4263-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andras A.","family":"Heczey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology, Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Cancer and Hematology Centers Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Advanced Innate Cell Therapy Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hpb.12112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40880\u2010019\u20100411\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1093526619875228"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24215"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2016.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6725a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkz007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470\u20102045(16)30598\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470\u20102045(18)30895\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30591"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"CDC.United States Cancer Statistics. 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