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The purpose of this multi\u2010site longitudinal observational study was to examine the relationship between barriers and medication adherence among AYAs with cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010five AYAs (ages 15\u201324\u00a0years; mean age\u00a0=\u00a018.97\u00a0years, SD\u00a0=\u00a02.51; <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>mean time since diagnosis\u00a0=\u00a01.42\u00a0years, SD\u00a0=\u00a01.95) with newly diagnosed or relapsed cancer completed self\u2010report measures of barriers and adherence at quarterly study visits and used an electronic adherence monitoring device for 12\u00a0months. Longitudinal mixed effects models were used to examine our primary hypothesis that greater barriers are related to lower adherence over time. Descriptive statistics were used to explore our secondary aim of describing the frequency and patterns of barriers endorsed by AYAs with cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After controlling for covariates (time, medication type, race, ethnicity, diagnosis, time since diagnosis), a greater number of barriers was associated with lower electronically monitored (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22125.99, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.005) and self\u2010reported (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22121.92, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) adherence. The specific barriers endorsed by AYAs differed across participants, and the majority of AYAs endorsed an entirely different pattern of barriers than any other AYA in the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Barriers are associated with nonadherence and may be a promising target for intervention. Individual variability across barriers, however, suggests that tailoring may be necessary, and a promising next step is to explore personalized approaches to adherence promotion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.30186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T10:46:33Z","timestamp":1672915593000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Barriers to medication adherence among adolescents and young adults with cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3150-3239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghan E.","family":"McGrady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Patient and Family Wellness Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2359-473X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler G.","family":"Ketterl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Seattle Children's Hospital  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8589-1804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin E.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Perentesis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Pettee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology Akron Children's Hospital  Akron Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Northeast Ohio Medical University  Rootstown Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constance A.","family":"Mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Breen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5958-4157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahna L. 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