{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T09:50:27Z","timestamp":1788861027837,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17ck0106332h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17ck0106332h0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP16H02778"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP16H02778"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013362","name":"Swiss Cancer Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KFS\u20103936\u201008\u20102016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFS\u20103936\u201008\u20102016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013362","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liver tumors are rare in children with histologic heterogeneity that makes diagnosis challenging. Systematic histopathological review, performed as part of collaborative therapeutic protocols, identified relevant histologic subtypes that are important to distinguish. The Children's Hepatic tumors International Collaboration (CHIC) was established to study pediatric liver tumors on a global scale and led to establishment of a provisional consensus classification for use in international clinical trials. The current study is the validation of this initial classification and first large\u2010scale application by international expert reviewers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CHIC initiative includes data from 1605 children treated on eight multicenter hepatoblastoma (HB) trials. Review of 605 available tumors was performed by seven expert pathologists from three consortia (US, EU, Japan). Cases with discordant diagnoses were collectively reviewed to reach a final consensus diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 599 cases with sufficient material for review, 570 (95.2%) were classified as HB by all consortia, and 29 (4.8%) as non\u2010HB, which included \u201chepatocellular neoplasm, NOS\u201d and malignant rhabdoid tumors.<\/jats:p><jats:p>453 of 570 HBs were classified as epithelial by final consensus. Some patterns (i.e., small cell undifferentiated, macrotrabecular, cholangioblastic) were selectively identified by reviewers from different consortia. All consortia identified a similar number of mixed epithelial\u2013mesenchymal HB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study represents the first large\u2010scale application and validation of the pediatric malignant hepatocellular tumors consensus classification. It is a valuable resource to train future generations of investigators on accurate diagnosis of these rare tumors and provides a framework for further international collaborative studies and refinement of the current classification of pediatric liver tumors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.30505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T16:15:50Z","timestamp":1688055350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Consensus classification of pediatric hepatocellular tumors: A report from the Children's Hepatic tumors International Collaboration (CHIC)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6324-6858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo\u2010Jin","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of California San Francisco San Francisco California 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Gdansk Gdansk Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9179-5037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiso","family":"Hiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Department of Women Child and Adolescent University Geneva Hospitals Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Pediatrics Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Gynecology and Obstetrics University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Morland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital Birmingham 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