{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T16:54:42Z","timestamp":1784825682960,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiovascular involvement in sickle cell disease (SCD) has a great impact on patients\u2019 morbidity and mortality. Recently, interleukin\u201018 (IL\u201018) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF\u2010\u03b2) were suggested as potential biomarkers for sickle cell cardiomyopathy. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a reliable early parameter for estimation of deformed myocardium. This study evaluated the role of TGF\u2010\u03b2 and IL\u201018 as risk indicators of altered strain in patients with SCD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty children with SCD (age &gt;5\u00a0years) and 40 healthy children as controls, matched in age and sex, were enrolled in the study. All participants were subjected to clinical examination, complete blood count, serum ferritin, TGF\u2010\u03b2, IL\u201018, and assessment of cardiac function by echocardiography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>TGF\u2010\u03b2, IL\u201018, and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly higher among cases (mean age: 10.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.5\u00a0years) when compared to controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), at cutoff values 41.7\u00a0ng\/mL, 128.9\u00a0pg\/mL, and 340 unit, respectively. The LS of free wall of RV (FW\u2010RV) was significantly lower among cases when compared to controls (\u221223.55%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.55% vs. \u221228.73%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.43%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Free wall longitudinal strain of the right ventricle (FWLS\u2010RV) was significantly correlated to IL\u201018 and LDH (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), while GLS\u2010RV was significantly correlated to TGF\u2010\u03b2. The GLS\u2010LV was correlated to frequency of vaso\u2010occlusive crises (VOCs) per year (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Diastolic function, E\/A of LV, and RV were negatively correlated to the hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The TGF\u2010\u03b2, IL\u201018, and LDH along with frequent VOCs are correlated to altered LS, especially the right ventricle, and could serve as risk indicators for subclinical cardiomyopathy in children with SCD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.30762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T07:34:39Z","timestamp":1699342479000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Altered ventricular longitudinal strain in children with sickle cell disease: Role of TGF\u2010\u03b2 and IL\u201018"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0738-9306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reham","family":"Wagdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Assem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali M.","family":"Abd\u2010Elmohsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Fata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wessam El","family":"Gendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6822-5597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwa","family":"Gaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Medical Research Institute Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/jtim-2020-0007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13023"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","article-title":"Cardiac Chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults with sickle cell disease: need attention 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