{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T16:58:54Z","timestamp":1778691534915,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712793600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are common benign vascular tumors in infants. Apelin, an endogenous cytokine, is implicated in the angiogenesis of neoplastic diseases. We aimed to explore the association between apelin and IHs, providing a foundation for clinical applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified differential expression of apelin in proliferative IHs compared to healthy controls (HCs) through bioinformatics analysis of publicly available databases and verified by Immunofluorescence. Enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify the serum levels of apelin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a cohort of 116 cases of proliferative IHs, 65 cases of capillary malformations (CMs), and 70 HCs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Apelin<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>APJ<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>APLNR<\/jats:italic>\n                      , apelin receptor) were identified as the significantly upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in proliferative IHs. Immunofluorescence staining indicated high expression of apelin in proliferative IHs, while minimal expression in non\u2010IH lesions. Apelin in IHs was reduced following 6\u00a0months of propranolol treatment. Serum apelin levels were significantly higher in the IH group compared to both the CM and HC groups. Moreover, apelin exhibited excellent discriminatory ability in distinguishing IHs from HCs, with an area under the curve (AUC) exceeding 0.90. A positive correlation was observed between the levels of apelin and the size of superficial IHs. The expression profiles of VEGF and apelin in IHs were found to be consistent.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Apelin shows promise as a potential biomarker for IHs. The association between apelin and IH size, as well as its responsiveness to propranolol treatment, indicates its possible utility as a valuable indicator for the therapeutic evaluation of IHs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.30989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T07:11:08Z","timestamp":1712819468000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Serum apelin as a potential biomarker for infantile hemangiomas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4312-1879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunxuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sili","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for 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Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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