{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T16:33:09Z","timestamp":1773419589503,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lack of accurate population\u2010based information on childhood cancer stage and survival in low\u2010income countries is a barrier to improving childhood cancer outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, data from the Rwanda National Cancer Registry (RNCR) were examined for children aged 0\u201314 diagnosed in 2013\u20132017 for the eight most commonly occurring childhood cancers: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma excluding BL, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumour, osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Utilising the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines Tier 1, the study assigned stage at diagnosis to all, except HL, and conducted active follow\u2010ups to calculate 1\u2010, 3\u2010 and 5\u2010year observed and relative survival by cancer type and stage at diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The cohort comprised 412 children, of whom 49% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0202) died within 5\u00a0years of diagnosis. Five\u2010year survival ranged from 28% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.5%\u201345.6%) for BL to 68% (CI: 55%\u201378%) for retinoblastoma. For the cancers for which staging was carried out, it was assigned for 83% patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0301 of 362), with over half (58%) having limited or localised stage at diagnosis. Stage was a strong predictor of survival; for example, 3\u2010year survival was 70% (95% CI: 45.1%\u201385.3%) and 11.8% (2.0%\u201331.2%) for limited and advanced non\u2010HL, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is only the second to report on stage distribution and stage\u2010specific survival for childhood cancers in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. It demonstrates the feasibility of the Toronto Stage Guidelines in a low\u2010resource setting, and highlights the value of population\u2010based cancer registries in aiding our understanding of the poor outcomes experienced by this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.31020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T09:39:15Z","timestamp":1714124355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Stage at diagnosis and survival by stage for the leading childhood cancers in Rwanda"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4621-5747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia","family":"Businge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC)  Kigali Rwanda"},{"name":"Einstein\u2010Rwanda Research and Capacity Building Program Research for Development (RD 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