{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T22:50:43Z","timestamp":1785192643318,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]],"date-time":"2024-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08CA237338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08CA237338"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common and disproportionately affect Black adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Less is known about STIs among Black AYAs with chronic conditions, such as sickle cell disease (AYAs\u2010SCD). This study compared STI testing and diagnosis between AYAs\u2010SCD and their peers, overall and among STI\u2010related encounters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective, cross\u2010sectional study used diagnosis and billing codes in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) to identify inpatient and emergency department encounters from January 1, 2022 to May 31, 2023 among all AYAs 15\u201324\u00a0years and those with STI\u2010related diagnoses (e.g., \u201ccystitis\u201d). STI testing and diagnosis rates were compared between AYAs\u2010SCD, non\u2010Black AYAs, and Black AYAs, controlling for age, sex, and encounter setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 3602 AYAs\u2010SCD, 177,783 Black AYAs, and 534,495 non\u2010Black AYAs. AYAs\u2010SCD were less likely to be tested for STIs than non\u2010Black AYAs (odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a00.26; adj. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) and Black AYAs (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.53; adj. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). When tested, AYAs\u2010SCD were more likely to be diagnosed with an STI than non\u2010Black AYAs (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.39; adj. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.006) and as likely as Black AYAs (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.67; adj. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.15). Among STI\u2010related encounters, AYAs\u2010SCD were less likely to be tested than non\u2010Black AYAs (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.18; adj. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) and Black AYAs (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.44; adj. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). No significant differences in STI diagnoses were found in this subset between AYAs\u2010SCD and non\u2010Black AYAs (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.32; adj. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.28) or Black AYAs (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.07; adj. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.99).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>STI care gaps may disproportionately affect AYAs\u2010SCD. STIs should be considered when evaluating symptomatic AYAs\u2010SCD in acute settings. More research is needed to further contextualize STI care for AYAs\u2010SCD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.31240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T05:14:20Z","timestamp":1722834860000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sexually transmitted infection testing and diagnosis in adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4111-1845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Walden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Abigail Wexner Research Institute Center for Child Health Equity and Outcomes Research  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1630-2102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Stanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Oncology\/BMT Department of Pediatrics Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley M.","family":"Ebersole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adolescent Medicine Department of Pediatrics Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3899-2642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leena","family":"Nahata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abigail Wexner Research Institute Center for Biobehavioral Health  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4730-8139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan E.","family":"Creary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abigail Wexner Research Institute Center for Child Health Equity and Outcomes Research  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Oncology\/BMT Department of Pediatrics Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Data & statistics on sickle cell disease.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Updated July 6 2023. Accessed April 22 2024.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/sicklecell\/data.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Gene Reviews","author":"Bender M"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.378"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2014.12.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.22700"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24557"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2020.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.15374"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2022.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102014\u201007\u2010577619"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102014\u201011\u2010607317"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.54552"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000337344"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2021.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2021.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2010.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2022.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354919881438"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023011024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023011008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2023.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Health disparities in HIV viral hepatitis STDs and TB.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Updated September 14 2020. Accessed December 28 2023.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/healthdisparities\/africanamericans.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/olq.0000000000001186"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2012.301005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2021.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2023. Accessed February 27 2024.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/statistics\/2022\/2021\u2010STD\u2010Surveillance\u2010Report\u2010PDF_ARCHIVED\u20102\u201016\u201024.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/olq.0000000000001355"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/olq.0000000000001380"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2011.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-7435(02)00058-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.23487"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2018.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021\u2010051893"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2009.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000151129.47746.be"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010023\u201008434\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2021.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000001456"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2020.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.2022 STI surveillance report: state ranking tables.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Updated January 30 2024. Accessed February 27 2024.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/statistics\/2022\/tables\/2022\u2010STI\u2010Surveillance\u2010State\u2010Ranking\u2010Tables.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029\u20107844(98)00110\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200304000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200101000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435\u2010200003000\u201000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435\u2010200007000\u201000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","unstructured":"CairnsC KangK.National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2021 emergency department summary tables.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed February 28 2024.https:\/\/ftp.cdc.gov\/pub\/Health_Statistics\/NCHS\/Dataset_Documentation\/NHAMCS\/doc21\u2010ed\u2010508.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.154.4.361"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.06.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.HIV testing.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Updated January 18 2024. Accessed April 8 2024.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/testing\/index.html#:~:text=CDC%20recommends%20that%20everyone%20between part%20of%20routine%20health%20care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau.Guidance for geographic users.United States Census Bureau; Updated October 8 2021. Accessed February 12 2024.https:\/\/www.census.gov\/programs\u2010surveys\/economic\u2010census\/guidance\u2010geographies\/levels.html#par_textimage_34"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010\u20100967"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.STD health equity.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Updated August 15 2023. Accessed January 27 2024.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/health\u2010disparities\/default.htm#ftn4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31818d3cad"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199905000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.90.10.1582"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2015.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.120451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000001387"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.3571"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2005.tb01220.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsae031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1054-139X(95)00282-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010\u20101775"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13936"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010813"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2003.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","unstructured":"Guttmacher Institute.Sex and HIV education.Guttmacher Institute; Updated September 1 2023. Accessed April 8 2024.https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/state\u2010policy\/explore\/sex\u2010and\u2010hiv\u2010education"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","unstructured":"Keisler\u2010StarkeyK BunchLN LindstromRA.Health insurance coverage in the United States: 2022. Current population reports.U.S. Census Bureau; September2023. Accessed April 11 2024.https:\/\/www.census.gov\/content\/dam\/Census\/library\/publications\/2023\/demo\/p60\u2010281.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/olq.0000000000001003"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pbc.31240","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T05:40:20Z","timestamp":1737178820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pbc.31240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pbc.31240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pbc.31240","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-5009","1545-5017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-5009","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-5017","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e31240"}}