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Previous studies also suggest that patients with CHD have higher risk of cancer. This study aims to describe cancer\u2010related mortality among patients with a history of CHD interventions using the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium (PCCC), a large US cohort of such patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study of individuals (&lt;21\u00a0years) who underwent interventions for CHD in the PCCC from 1982 to 2003. Patients surviving their first intervention were linked to the National Death Index through 2020. Multivariable models assessed risk of cancer\u2010related death, adjusting for age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Patients with\/without genetic abnormalities (mostly Down syndrome [DS]) were considered separately, due to expected differential risk in cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 57,601 eligible patients in this study, cancer was the underlying or contributing cause of death for 208; with 20% among those with DS. Significantly increased risk of cancer\u2010related death was apparent among patients with DS compared to the non\u2010genetic group (aHR: 3.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.52\u20135.24, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). For the group with non\u2010genetic abnormalities, the highest association with cancer\u2010related death compared to those with mild CHD was found among those with more severe CHD (severe two\u2010ventricle aHR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.04\u20133.20, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.036, single\u2010ventricle aHR: 4.68, 95% CI: 2.77\u20137.91, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with more severe forms of CHD are at increased risk for cancer\u2010related death. Despite our findings, we are unable to distinguish whether having CHD raises the risk of cancer or reduces survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.31271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T03:58:58Z","timestamp":1723607938000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cancer mortality in children surviving congenital heart interventions: A study from the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4732-2659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda S.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Minnesota Population Center University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Logan G.","family":"Spector","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research University of Minnesota Medical School  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"McCracken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Evaluation Kaiser Permanente of Georgia  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Oster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Children's Healthcare of Atlanta  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lazaros K.","family":"Kochilas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Children's Healthcare of Atlanta  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735\u20101097(02)01886\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.05.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.7765"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2021.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.03.491"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7006a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0095\u20105108(05)70077\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.6762"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.08.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003903"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116844"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951112002144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.4947"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.1652"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/HP.S93413"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01492"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.01.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.964841"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppedcard.2004.12.009"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"395","article-title":"Canadian Consensus Conference on Adult Congenital Heart Disease 1996","volume":"14","author":"Connelly MS","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735\u20101097(01)01272\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3101.093968"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011190"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","unstructured":"Cancers by body location\/system\u2014NCI.NCI; 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