{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:57:55Z","timestamp":1777485475060,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prognosis for patients with central nervous system (CNS) retinoblastoma (RB) (trilateral or stage 4b metastatic RB) treated with high\u2010dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant (HDC\u2010ASCT) remains poor. The impact of irradiation when administered as part of upfront therapy post HDC\u2010ASCT on treatment outcomes and survival is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective review of all patients with CNS RB (seven stage 4b, eight trilateral, one pineal lesion belonging to methylation group RB) who underwent induction chemotherapy with an intent to proceed to HDC\u2010ASCT at two institutions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve of 16 patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a075%) achieved an objective response to induction chemotherapy, while four patients had progressive\/refractory disease; two patients responded to subsequent therapy and proceeded to ASCT, and two patients did not. Seven of 14 patients who underwent HDC\u2010ASCT, received radiotherapy as part of upfront therapy post HDC\u2010ASCT in the form of craniospinal irradiation (CSI) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03), intraventricular radioimmunotherapy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03), or both CSI and intraventricular radioimmunotherapy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01). The Kaplan\u2013Meier estimate of overall survival for these patients was 62.5% at 5\u00a0years; no patients developed second malignant neoplasms within the radiation fields. For the seven patients who did not receive radiotherapy, the overall survival was 28.6% at 5\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CSI (23.4\u00a0Gy) alone or in conjunction with intraventricular RIT may have clinical utility in eliminating persistent MRD post HDC\u2010ASCT, contributing to improved disease\u2010free survival in patients with CNS RB. This treatment strategy merits evaluation in a prospective, multicenter clinical trial for patients with CNS metastatic RB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.31297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T05:34:03Z","timestamp":1725168843000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Craniospinal irradiation and\/or intraventricular radioimmunotherapy after high\u2010dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue in patients with CNS retinoblastoma\u2014Safety and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6715-2402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameer Farouk","family":"Sait","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York 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Pediatrics Cohen Children's Medical Center New Hyde Park New York USA"},{"name":"Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell Hempstead New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Donzelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauricio Rendon","family":"Bernot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics 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