{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T15:37:02Z","timestamp":1767713822406,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood & Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Specific patients with hepatoblastoma (HB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) do not meet eligibility criteria for Children's Oncology Group (COG) trials, limiting an understanding of how comorbidities affect the outcome. We define such a population for future\u2010focused care improvements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A questionnaire was sent to COG institutional principal investigators to obtain anonymized data regarding patients with a liver tumor diagnosis not enrolled on AHEP1531 due to ineligibility by trial criteria or other reasons (excluding parent\/patient preference).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Responses received for 55 patients (38 HB, 4 HCC, and 13 not reported) included 12 excluded from further analysis due to various factors, including lack of additional information. Five patients were eligible but not enrolled due to pandemic\u2010related staffing issues (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01) or the best interest of the patient (physician preference, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01; risk for poor tolerance of chemotherapy, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01; not specified, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02). The remaining 38 patients included 1 ineligible due to a prior malignancy, 9 due to performance status, and 4 due to timing requirements. Thirty\u2010five of 38 patients were ineligible due to organ function criteria (pulmonary\/oxygen requirement, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a025; renal, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010; liver, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04; cardiac, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03). Seven patients were ineligible due to two or more organ function criteria. Twenty\u2010five of 38 patients were reported to have a preexisting condition including 4 patients with trisomy 18.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Patients with HB, and potentially HCC, who are ineligible for COG trials are primarily patients with an oxygen requirement and\/or renal insufficiency, often associated with preexisting congenital conditions. Such patients would benefit from future studies to improve outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.31389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T04:19:05Z","timestamp":1729138745000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characteristics of patients with liver tumors deemed ineligible for enrollment on Children's Oncology Group trial AHEP1531: An opportunity to expand inclusion criteria and improve outcome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2668-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela D.","family":"Trobaugh\u2010Lotrario","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology Providence Sacred Heart Children's Hospital Spokane Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8957-3870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison F.","family":"O'Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katelyn A.","family":"Belmonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcio H.","family":"Malogolowkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology University of California\u2010Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg M.","family":"Tiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric and Thoracic Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5181-116X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James I.","family":"Geller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Oncology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio 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