{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T05:51:33Z","timestamp":1776923493614,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp;amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2011, a partnership between Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) and the University of North Carolina (UNC) led to the opening of the first diagnostic pathology laboratory in Lilongwe, Malawi's capital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective case series of malignancies diagnosed at the KCH\u2013UNC pathology laboratory between 2011 and 2020 in pediatric and adolescent patients aged 0\u201318 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2011 and 2020, 12761 specimens were received from 5137 pediatric and adolescent patients. A malignant diagnosis was confirmed in 1498 (29%) of patients, with a median age of 10 years (interquartile range (IQR) 5\u201314) and 810 (54%) males. The most common malignancy was lymphoma (38%, 571\/1498), including both non\u2010Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) (86%, 387\/571), with Burkitt lymphoma accounting for 80% (309\/387) of NHLs, and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (22%, 125\/571). Next were sarcomas (22%, 325\/1498), including Kaposi sarcoma (KS) (34%, 111\/325), rhabdomyosarcoma (21%, 68\/325), and osteosarcoma (19%, 61\/325). Then carcinomas (9%, 139\/1498), with the majority (53%, 73\/139) being squamous cell carcinoma. Next were acute leukemias (6%, 95\/1498), including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (66%, 63\/95) and acute myeloid leukemia (32%, 30\/95). These were followed by Wilms tumor (WT) (6%, 90\/1498), retinoblastoma (4%,66\/1498), neuroblastoma (2%, 32\/1498), hepatic tumors (2%, 31\/1498), and germ cell tumors (1%, 22\/1498).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most common pediatric tumors diagnosed in the KCH\u2013UNC pathology laboratory were NHL, HL, KS, and WT. Given the challenges of under\u2010diagnosis, obtaining tissue biopsies, and reliance on clinical diagnosis, we suspect there is an underrepresentation of many pediatric cancers, including acute leukemias, brain tumors, and WT. Pathology diagnostic services and techniques need to be expanded further to aid the categorization of carcinomas and sarcomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.31669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T23:08:53Z","timestamp":1746745733000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pediatric Malignant Tumors in Malawi: A Diagnostic Report From the Kamuzu Central Hospital Pathology Laboratory 2011\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1225-9461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Gondwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Project\u2010Malawi  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6184-0623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"April","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Project\u2010Malawi  Lilongwe Malawi"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Stanford Health Roger Maris Cancer Center  Fargo North Dakota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apatsa","family":"Matatiyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Project\u2010Malawi  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gugulethu N.","family":"Mapurisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Project\u2010Malawi  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Coxcilly","family":"Kampani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Project\u2010Malawi  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Chimzimu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Project\u2010Malawi  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Krysiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Project\u2010Malawi  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6115-1046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nader Kim","family":"El\u2010Mallawany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers Global HOPE Program  Lilongwe Malawi"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Section of Hematology and Oncology Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie M.","family":"Gastier\u2010Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers Global HOPE Program  Lilongwe Malawi"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Section of Hematology and Oncology Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology Texas Childrens Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology Texas Childrens Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology Texas Childrens Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nmazuo W.","family":"Ozuah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers Global HOPE Program  Lilongwe Malawi"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Section of Hematology and Oncology Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Casey L.","family":"McAtee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers Global HOPE Program  Lilongwe Malawi"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Section of Hematology and Oncology Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7809-7699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rizine","family":"Mzikamanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers Global HOPE Program  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0310-3067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minke W. 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