{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T18:44:01Z","timestamp":1788288241507,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013726","name":"Abraham J. and Phyllis Katz Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013726","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at higher risk for invasive infection with <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> compared with the general pediatric population. Penicillin prophylaxis, pneumococcal conjugate (PCV), and polysaccharide vaccines (PPSV) have reduced but not eliminated the risk of pneumococcal bacteremia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A single institution cohort of children with SCD aged &lt;19 years was reviewed over the 14\u2010year period since PCV13 licensure (January 2010\u2013December 2023) to identify and characterize the clinical features and outcomes of <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> bacteremia, including serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cohort included 4356 children with SCD (24,076 person\u2010years). Thirty\u2010eight patients with pneumococcal bacteremia were identified (32 HbSS, five HbSC, one HbS\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010thalassemia), with median age 5.3 years. The median time to culture positivity was 10.6\u00a0h (range 3.4\u201320.2). Meningitis occurred in four (11%) and acute chest syndrome in 13 (34%). Serotype information, available for 36 (95%) isolates, included 16 (44%) PPSV23 serotypes and one (2.6%) PCV13 serotype (serotype 3). Penicillin nonsusceptibility occurred in 12 out of 31 (39%) at meningitis and one out of 31 (3%) at nonmeningitis breakpoints. Three (8%) deaths occurred (serotypes 12F, 23B, and 15B), all in children aged \u22655 years, who had discontinued prophylactic penicillin. Long\u2010term sequelae occurred in five (14%) surviving children, including hearing loss, limb amputation, and motor and neurocognitive defects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pneumococcal bacteremia continues to be a concern in children with SCD, with a risk of rapid progression to severe disease. Pneumococcal prevention strategies, immunizations, and urgent empiric treatment for fever remain important for children and adolescents of all ages with SCD<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.31881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:19:04Z","timestamp":1750897144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical Features and Outcomes of Pneumococcal Bacteremia in Children With Sickle Cell Disease in the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6082-8385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne E.","family":"Yee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children's Healthcare of Atlanta  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia 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