{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:32:01Z","timestamp":1791937921176,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Granulocyte transfusions (GTXs) are used in neutropenic pediatric hemato\u2010oncology patients with infections unresponsive to antimicrobial therapy, but their clinical benefit remains uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed all pediatric patients who received GTXs between 2013 and 2023 at a tertiary medical center. We assessed associations between GTX administration, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) increment, and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) reduction as a surrogate marker of treatment response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010nine patients received 312 GTXs across 56 episodes: 47 for therapeutic use during active infection and nine for secondary prophylaxis. Higher ANC increments were observed after transfusions containing \u22650.6 \u00d7 10\u2079\u00a0neutrophils\/kg from same\u2010day collections. ANC rises were transient, typically declining within 24\u00a0hours. CRP levels decreased significantly after the first GTX (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) and more markedly by the end of treatment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). ANC increment was significantly associated with CRP reduction (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.006). GTX\u2010related adverse events occurred in 3% of transfusions. Infection\u2010related mortality was 17% in the treatment group, while no severe infections occurred in the secondary prophylaxis group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>GTXs appear to be a safe adjunctive therapy in high\u2010risk neutropenic children with severe infections. The observed correlation between ANC increment and CRP reduction supports a potential therapeutic effect and warrants further prospective evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.31979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T05:11:51Z","timestamp":1754975511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Granulocyte Transfusions in Pediatric Hemato\u2010Oncology: Neutrophil Response and CRP Kinetics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6694-1573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aviv","family":"Sever","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology Schneider Children's Medical Center  Petah Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical\u00a0&amp; Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3253-2047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ron","family":"Rabinowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology Schneider Children's Medical Center  Petah Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical\u00a0&amp; Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3994-0556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shlomit","family":"Barzilai\u2010Birenboim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology Schneider Children's Medical Center  Petah Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical\u00a0&amp; Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology Schneider Children's Medical Center  Petah Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical\u00a0&amp; Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronit Goldman","family":"Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Services &amp; Apheresis Institute Rabin Medical Center  Petach Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3713-104X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assaf","family":"Yanir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical\u00a0&amp; Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center  Petach Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical\u00a0&amp; Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center  Petach Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efraim","family":"Bilavsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical\u00a0&amp; Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center  Petah Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Yacobovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology Schneider Children's Medical Center  Petah Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical\u00a0&amp; Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vered","family":"Yahalom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical\u00a0&amp; Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Blood Services &amp; Apheresis Institute Rabin Medical Center  Petach Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/522533"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0209832"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/BJH.14597"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/CID\/CIW326"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JCYT.2017.08.012\/ASSET\/C3AE60B8\u20101773\u20104BA9\u2010A30C\u201034A21B9B7524\/MAIN.ASSETS\/JCYT873\u2010FIG\u20100001.SML"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00520\u2010005\u20100910\u20108\/FIGURES\/3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2008.237"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102015\u201005\u2010645986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005339.PUB2\/PDF\/CDSR\/CD005339\/CD005339.PDF"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102141.2012.09190.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18445"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2019.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2024.103897"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21818"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537\u20102995.2006.00996.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11347"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health \u201cProcedure MR11\/2020 [in Hebrew] \u201d Ministry of Health published 2020 chrome\u2010extension:\/\/efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj\/https:\/\/www.gov.il\/BlobFolder\/policy\/mr11\u20102020\/he\/files_circulars_mr_mr11_2020.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","volume-title":"Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services","author":"AABB","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/CID\/CIZ1008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM\u20102023\u20100086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431\u2010016\u20102774\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"S.MortonandS.Stanworth \u201cClinical Guidelines for the Use of Granulocyte Transfusions \u201dNHS published2021 https:\/\/qan.org.kz\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/GRANULOCYTE_TRANSFUSION\u2010NHS.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005341.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102141.2003.04583.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00277\u2010005\u20101055\u2010Z\/METRICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.62.3488"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00374"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.02224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17950"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pbc.31979","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T04:40:41Z","timestamp":1758688841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pbc.31979"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pbc.31979"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pbc.31979","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-5009","1545-5017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-5009","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-5017","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e31979"}}