{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:56:08Z","timestamp":1785416168577,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp;amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the role of social determinants of health (SDoH) in neurocognitive functioning among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), central nervous system (CNS) tumors, and sickle cell disease (SCD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty\u2010eight child\u2010caregiver dyads participated. SDoH included components of socioeconomic status (SES; family income, caregiver education, and insurance type), race\/ethnicity, caregiver marital status, and neighborhood\u2010level deprivation. Neurocognitive functioning was measured using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB\u2010CB) Fluid Cognition subtests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were no differences in SDoH between the three diagnosis groups other than expected differences in race\/ethnicity (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (4,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a051)\u00a0=\u00a046.1,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Bivariate analyses found a significant association between family income and working memory (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.31,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), processing speed (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.29,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), and fluid cognition composite scores (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.29,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). No other SDoH were associated with neurocognitive functioning. Family income remained significantly associated with performance on working memory (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.35,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), processing speed (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.33,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), and fluid cognition composite scores (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.29,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) after controlling for diagnosis, age, and sex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower family income emerged as an important element of SES associated with poorer neurocognitive functioning in children treated for cancer and blood disorders. Further research is needed to determine how family income alters neurocognitive functioning, whether by altering the timing of emergence or the magnitude of deficits. Future studies should investigate mechanisms linking low income to neurocognitive performance to inform interventions to bolster neurocognitive development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.32131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T12:56:17Z","timestamp":1761656177000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Shared Sociodemographic Risk Factors for Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Children With Cancer and Blood Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Claire E. F.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant Department of Pediatrics Primary Children's Hospital University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie Neiman","family":"Luehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Cancer and Blood Disorders Children's Hospital Colorado  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth B. Molina","family":"Kuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Shared Resource University of Colorado Cancer Center  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shweta","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam L.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Cancer and Blood Disorders Children's Hospital Colorado  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce E.","family":"Compas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Human Development Vanderbilt University  Nashville Tennessee 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