{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:04:37Z","timestamp":1790183077034,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,24]],"date-time":"2007-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytochemical Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Response surface modelling, using MODDE 6 software for Design of Experiments and Optimisation, was applied to optimise supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions for the extraction of indole alkaloids from the dried leaves of\n                    <jats:italic>Catharanthus roseus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The effects of pressure (200\u2013400 bar), temperature (40\u201380\u00b0C), modifier concentration (2.2\u20136.6 vol%) and dynamic extraction time (20\u201360 min) on the yield of alkaloids were evaluated. The extracts were analysed by high\u2010performance liquid chromatography and the analytes were identified using ion trap\u2010electrospray ionisation\u2013mass spectrometry. The method was linear for alkaloid concentration in the range 0.18\u201331 \u00b5g\/mL. The limits of detection and quantification for catharanthine, vindoline, vinblastine and vincristine were 0.2, 0.15, 0.1 and 0.08 \u00b5g\/mL and 2.7, 2.0, 1.3 and 1.1 \u00b5g\/g, respectively. The dry weight content of major alkaloids in the plants were compared using different extraction methods, i.e. SFE, Soxhlet extraction, solid\u2013liquid extraction with sonication and hot water extraction at various temperatures. The extraction techniques were also compared in terms of reproducibility, selectivity and analyte recoveries. Relative standard deviations for the major alkaloids varied from 4.1 to 17.5% in different extraction methods. The best recoveries (100%) for catharanthine were obtained by SFE at 250 bar and 80\u00b0C using 6.6 vol% methanol as modifier for 40 min, for vindoline by Soxhlet extraction using dichloromethane in a reflux for 16 h, and for 3\u2032,4\u2032\u2010anhydrovinblastine by solid\u2013liquid extraction using a solution of 0.5\n                    <jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>\n                    sulphuric acid and methanol (3:1 v\/v) in an ultrasonic bath for 3 h. Copyright \u00a9 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.1015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,24]],"date-time":"2007-07-24T13:20:05Z","timestamp":1185283205000},"page":"52-63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Optimisation of supercritical fluid extraction of indole alkaloids from\n                    <i>Catharanthus roseus<\/i>\n                    using experimental design methodology\u2014comparison with other extraction techniques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Arvind","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Hartonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marja\u2010Liisa","family":"Riekkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1097411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf048408t"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-022X(00)00062-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.50.1294"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826079708010966"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.893"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.702"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"HallardDAC.2000. Transgenic plant cells for the production of indole alkaloids. PhD thesis Leiden University."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.743"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhrc.1240161109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)93083-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1565(199709\/10)8:5<217::AID-PCA366>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.776"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-969980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb1961.51.611"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)90083-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(91)84184-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/o90-197"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002170100298"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-8446(03)00112-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)95017-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf981369z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"SchmidtB KutneyJ MayerL.2003. Anhydrovinblastine for the treatment of cancer. US Patent 20030162803."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bp00018a018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00551-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(99)01170-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02505537"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.575"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867043455846"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015871916833"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijch.197800041"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(94)00290-8"}],"container-title":["Phytochemical Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpca.1015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pca.1015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T16:54:19Z","timestamp":1761065659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pca.1015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,24]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pca.1015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pca.1015","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0344","1099-1565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0344","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-08-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-06-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-07-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}