{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T02:48:52Z","timestamp":1788835732836,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013840","name":"Biocenter Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013840","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["70135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007753","name":"It\u00e4-Suomen Yliopisto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007753","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytochemical Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coniferous trees, especially their needles and bark, are a rich source of bioactive compounds. The developing needles of Norway spruce (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Picea abies<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>), also known as spruce sprouts, are enriched with vitamin C and other antioxidants, and thus they are used as a dietary supplement and have been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory disorders such as rheumatism and gout. Their chemical composition is only limitedly known, however.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The main objective of this work was to have a deeper understanding on the chemical composition of spruce sprouts to assess their full potential in different pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, or technochemical applications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultrahigh\u2010resolution Fourier\u2010transform ion cyclotron (FT\u2010ICR) mass spectrometry, coupled to direct\u2010infusion electrospray ionisation (ESI) or atmospheric pressure photoionisation (APPI) techniques, was used for in\u2010depth compositional analysis of solvent extracts and essential oil of spruce sprouts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A combined use of ESI and APPI techniques offered a great complementary insight into the rich chemistry of different spruce sprout extracts, allowing detection of thousands of chemical constituents with over 200 secondary metabolites tentatively identified. These compounds belonged to different classes such as organic acids, terpenes, flavonoids, stilbenes, sterols, and nitrogen alkaloids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spruce sprouts have a complex metabolite profile that differs considerably from that of the old, developed needles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.3097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T20:13:23Z","timestamp":1636661603000},"page":"392-401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Compositional analysis of essential oil and solvent extracts of Norway spruce sprouts by ultrahigh\u2010resolution mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5187-2958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omolara O.","family":"Mofikoya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Eastern Finland  Joensuu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7600-0435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"M\u00e4kinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Eastern Finland  Joensuu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8446-4704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janne","family":"J\u00e4nis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Eastern Finland  Joensuu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"3209","article-title":"On characterization of some bioactive compounds extracted from Picea abies bark","volume":"12","author":"Balas A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Romanian Biotechnol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(95)00144-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-1978(03)00018-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1875"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.09.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"142","volume-title":"Plant stress and allelopathy","author":"Tang C","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00572-010-0304-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-019-09630-2"},{"issue":"0","key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Plants: A rich source of herbal medicine","volume":"1","author":"Tiwari S","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nat Prod"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-1978(97)00099-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)97922-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(92)80128-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1565(199601)7:1<42::AID-PCA282>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1003473612531"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(95)00383-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)94802-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(81)84046-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(96)00119-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.021196"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.591"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antibacterial compounds in predominant trees in Finland","volume":"4","author":"Mets\u00e4muuronen S","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bioproc Biotech"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from shoots spruce (P. abies L.)","volume":"62","author":"Radulescu V","year":"2011","journal-title":"Revista De Chimie\u2013Bucharest"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"1158","article-title":"Determination of ascorbic acid in shoots from different coniferous species by HPLC","volume":"61","author":"Radulescu V","year":"2013","journal-title":"Farmacia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25184187"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25194558"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00468-013-0960-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","unstructured":"TolonenT vonWrightA VirtanenV.Chemical composition of the water extract of young spruce (Picea abies (L.) 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