{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T10:28:54Z","timestamp":1783420134643,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytochemical Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many species within Combretaceae are traditionally used for the treatment of bacterial infections. The similarity in chemistry and antimicrobial activities within the family pose a challenge in selecting suitable species for herbal drug development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed at rapidly identifying antimicrobial compounds using bioautography\u2010guided high\u2010performance thin\u2010layer chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPTLC\u2013MS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hierarchical cluster analysis of ultra\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry data from the methanol extracts of 77 samples, representing four genera within Combretaceae, was carried out. Based on groupings on the dendrogram, 15 samples were selected for bioautography analysis against four pathogens (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>). Active compounds were identified using HPTLC\u2013MS analysis of bands corresponding to the inhibition zones.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bioautography revealed 15 inhibition zones against the four pathogens, with the most prominent present for <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Combretum imberbe<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>. Analysis of the active bands, using HPTLC\u2013MS indicated that flavonoids, triterpenoids and combretastatin B5 contributed to the antibacterial activity. The compounds corresponding to molecular ions <jats:italic>m\/z<\/jats:italic> 471 (<jats:italic>Combretum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">imberbe<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>) and 499 (<jats:italic>Combretum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">elaeagnoides<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>) inhibited all four pathogens, and were identified as imberbic acid and jessic acid, respectively. Chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that arjunic acid, ursolic acid and an unidentified triterpenoid (<jats:italic>m\/z<\/jats:italic> 471) were ubiquitous in the Combretaceae species and could be responsible for their antibacterial activities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Application of HPTLC\u2013MS enabled the rapid screening of extracts to identify active compounds within taxonomically related species. This approach allows for greater efficiency in the natural product research workflow to identify bioactive compounds in crude extracts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.3167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T00:50:39Z","timestamp":1660179039000},"page":"1177-1189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Bioautography\u2010guided HPTLC\u2013MS as a rapid hyphenated technique for the identification of antimicrobial compounds from selected South African Combretaceae species"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2459-6075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chinedu P.","family":"Anokwuru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science Tshwane University of Technology  Pretoria South 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