{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:04:52Z","timestamp":1789599892674,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007959","name":"Chulabhorn Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102022\u20101\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102022\u20101\/3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007959","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytochemical Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Andrographis paniculata<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (AP) has been approved by the Thai government for the treatment of mild cases of COVID\u201019 patients. Increasing use of AP products requires quality control to ensure efficacy and safety. At present, there is no requirement for dissolution test of AP products in the Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia (THP).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work aimed to examine the contents and dissolution profiles of active diterpenoids, andrographolide (AP1), 14\u2010deoxy\u201011,12\u2010didehydroandrographolide (AP3), neoandrographolide (AP4), and 14\u2010deoxyandrographolide (AP6) in AP capsules available in Thai markets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four extract products (EXT. A\u2013D) and three crude powder products (CRD. A\u2013C) were tested for contents by using HPLC\u2010DAD. Dissolution profiles of four diterpenoids were investigated in different media (pH\u20091.2, 4.5, 6.8, and 0.01\u2009N HCl\u2009+\u2009SLS) with apparatus II (paddle type).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The AP1 contents were 1.99%\u20132.90% w\/w for crude capsules and 2.84%\u201316.27% w\/w for extract capsules. In the dissolution test, the dissolution percentages of four diterpenoids from crude capsules were higher than those from extract capsules except EXT. A. AP1 in most extract products (EXT. B, C, D) was dissolved in all dissolution media at a lower percentage than the other three diterpenoids. EXT. A (aqueous extract) was the only extract capsule showing the amounts of all diterpenoids dissolved in all media &gt;80% in 45\u2009min.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study demonstrated that AP1 content in AP products complied with the acceptance criteria in the THP (80%\u2013120%), and the weight variation also met the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) requirements. However, different dissolution profiles of AP products may lead to different bioavailability of diterpenoids and further affect their efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.3364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T05:30:25Z","timestamp":1714455025000},"page":"1309-1322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparison of diterpenoid contents and dissolution profiles of selected\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Andrographis paniculata<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    crude and extract capsules"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8172-3257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuchanart","family":"Rangkadilok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology Chulabhorn Research Institute  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT) OPS, MHESI  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanthanit","family":"Pholphana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology Chulabhorn Research Institute  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT) OPS, MHESI  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaratluck","family":"Akanimanee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology Chulabhorn Research Institute  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duangchit","family":"Panomvana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit (TRU) Chulabhorn Research Institute  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Porranee","family":"Puranajoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit (TRU) Chulabhorn Research Institute  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phanit","family":"Songvut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology Chulabhorn Research Institute  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jutamaad","family":"Satayavivad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology Chulabhorn Research Institute  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT) OPS, MHESI  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Environmental Toxicology Program Chulabhorn Graduate Institute  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","article-title":"Physiological activities of the king of bitters (Andrographis paniculata): a review","volume":"15","author":"Bhaisare S","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/jhs.54.370"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750\u20103841.16079"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.113936"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59071260"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4308\/hjb.22.2.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6026\/97320630018337"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064\u2010019\u201002883\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16091196"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phyplu.2022.100398"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines and metabolite changes after high dose of Andrographis paniculata extract: a preliminary study in mild COVID\u201019 case patients","volume":"1","author":"Mahajaroensiri S","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Basic App Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26502\/aimr.0146"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"ArayasukawatP.5 Herbal medicines are added to National List of Essential Medicinal Herbs. 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