{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:09:57Z","timestamp":1790878197376,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31870336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31870336"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YDZJ202201ZYTS514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202201ZYTS514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytochemical Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Sophora flavescens<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> Aiton (Fabaceae), a ubiquitous plant species in Asia, contains a wide range of pharmacologically active compounds, such as flavonoids, with potential anti\u2010Alzheimer's disease (anti\u2010AD) effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of the study is to develop a quaternity method for the screening, isolation, extraction optimization, and activity evaluation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)\u2010inhibiting compounds from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. flavescens<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> to realize high\u2010throughput screening of active substances in traditional Chinese medicine and to provide experimental data for the development of anti\u2010AD drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>With AChE as the target molecule, affinity ultrafiltration and liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry were applied to screen for potential inhibitors of the enzyme in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. flavescens<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. Orthogonal array experiments combined with the multi\u2010objective Non\u2010Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III was used for the first time to optimize the process for extracting the active substances. Enzyme inhibition kinetics and molecular docking studies were performed to verify the potential anti\u2010AD effects of the active compounds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five AChE\u2010inhibiting compounds were identified: kushenol I, kurarinone, sophoraflavanone G, isokurarinone, and kushenol E. These were successfully separated at purities of 72.88%, 98.55%, 96.86%, 96.74%, and 95.84%, respectively, using the <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010hexane\/ethyl acetate\/methanol\/water (4.0\/5.0\/4.0\/5.0, v\/v\/v\/v), <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010hexane\/ethyl acetate\/methanol\/water (5.0\/5.0\/6.0\/4.0, v\/v\/v\/v), and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010hexane\/ethyl acetate\/methanol\/water (4.9\/5.1\/5.7\/4.3, v\/v\/v\/v) mobile phase systems. Enzyme inhibition kinetics revealed that kushenol E had the best inhibitory effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study elucidates the mechanism of action of five active AChE inhibitors in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. flavescens<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and provides a theoretical basis for the screening and development of anti\u2010AD and other therapeutic drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.3415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T03:18:27Z","timestamp":1719976707000},"page":"52-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Quaternity method for integrated screening, separation, extraction optimization, and bioactivity evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from <scp><i>Sophora flavescens<\/i><\/scp> 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