{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T07:00:08Z","timestamp":1762326008294,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073973","82204604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073973","82204604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003787","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H2022209012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2022209012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytochemical Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Polygalae Radix<\/jats:italic> (PR) is known to relieve toxicity and increase efficiency in various diseases after processing. However, there were few studies for aromatic carboxylic acids (ACAs) due to the limited detection, especially for the metabolites within <jats:italic>m\/z<\/jats:italic> 100\u20132000.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to elucidate the whole metabolism of PR with\/without <jats:italic>licorice<\/jats:italic> (LP), focusing on metabolites within <jats:italic>m\/z<\/jats:italic> 100\u20132000 and pharmacodynamics in vivo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was established by the combination of multidimensional ultra\u2010high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (UPLC\u2013MS) technology with protein sedimentation method to analyze metabolites in plasma, brain, colon, and stomach contents. Quantitative monitoring ACAs was enhanced with our novel stable isotope derivatization (SILD) technique. And then the pharmacokinetics (PK) study of relatively large metabolites was carried out. A targeted network pharmacology approach was established to avoid false positive results, mapping interactions relevant to Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 85 polygala metabolites were qualitatively analyzed in plasma, brain, colon, and stomach contents. The 11 types of relatively large metabolites and 8 types of ACAs were quantitatively monitored. Among them, nine types of relatively large metabolites were assessed through PK studies. In targeted network pharmacology, it highlighted the significance of small molecular metabolites, including ACAs et al, which were frequently overlooked. LP may play a more key role mainly through neural active ligand\u2010receptor interaction, AD, and pertussis pathways. These findings have outlined a step\u2010by\u2010step strategy for in\u2010depth research in vivo, laying a foundation for further verification of biological function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.3452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T06:22:29Z","timestamp":1727072549000},"page":"579-591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A step\u2010by\u2010step progressive strategy exploring whole metabolic profiles in vivo for <i>Polygalae Radix<\/i> with\/without <i>licorice<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences  Changchun China"},{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering North China University of Science and Technology  Tangshan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ningning","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences  Changchun China"},{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering North China University of Science and Technology  Tangshan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junpeng","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8848-6871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2017.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.3234"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23040836"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjac.2021.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010190"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906\u2010016\u20101265\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/918048"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8855536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chmed.2020.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2016.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np050439a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2014.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20102005\u2010864108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.12.085"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"156","article-title":"Comparison of eight organic acids in three processed products of Polygalae radix","volume":"38","author":"Song M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin Traditi Pat Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chmed.2022.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2018.09.037"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"576","article-title":"Transformation mechanism of oligosaccharides and saponins of prepared Polygalae radix by HPLC\u2010TOF\/MS","volume":"41","author":"Qu C","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Chin Med Mater"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121791"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.28068"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00268"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00387010.2017.1332648"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.16\u20100225"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.117022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CC04045E"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2019.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2018.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf403092b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9020163"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093\u2010199809000\u201000016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2020.101071"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112499"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205014666170329113007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605411103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","first-page":"5812","article-title":"Potential mechanism of Linggui Zhugan decoction for treatment of Alzheimers disease based on network pharmacology","volume":"50","author":"Wang Y","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhong Cao Yao"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c13\u201000958"}],"container-title":["Phytochemical Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pca.3452","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T09:32:14Z","timestamp":1761039134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pca.3452"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pca.3452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pca.3452","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0344","1099-1565"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0958-0344"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-1565"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}