{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T20:04:58Z","timestamp":1767211498883,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytochemical Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Baishouwu, derived from <jats:italic>Cynanchum auriculatum<\/jats:italic> (CA) Royle ex Wight, <jats:italic>Cynanchum bungei<\/jats:italic> (CB) Decne., and <jats:italic>Cynanchum wilfordii<\/jats:italic> (CW) (Maxim.) Hemsl., is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. CA is also recognized as a new food resource by China's National Health Commission. Given the considerable variations in flavor and chemical composition among these species and lack of their qualitative assessments, accurately differentiating between the species constituting Baishouwu is essential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop a method combining electronic tongue (E\u2010tongue), electronic nose (E\u2010nose), and ultra\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010quadrupole\u2010time of flight\/mass spectrometry (UPLC\u2010Q\u2010TOF\/MS) to differentiate between Baishouwu samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen batches of Baishouwu samples were analyzed using E\u2010tongue, E\u2010nose, and UPLC\u2010Q\u2010TOF\/MS. Flavor differences and key differential metabolites were determined through principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>E\u2010tongue results revealed umami, sweetness, and richness as the predominant flavors of Baishouwu, with CA having the highest umami response, CW exhibiting the highest bitterness, and CB the highest sweetness. E\u2010nose sensors showed consistent responses across species, with variations in signal strength; W1W and W2W sensors showed the highest response values. A total of 158 and 41 characteristic variables in the positive and negative ion modes, respectively, were selected as candidate differential metabolites, of which 29 and 14 were confirmed through database comparison. Eight critical differential metabolites, including C<jats:sub>21<\/jats:sub> steroids and acetophenone compounds, were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study presents a strategy for differentiating among the species constituting Baishouwu, providing a basis for broader application and establishing quality standards for these medicinal compounds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.3453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T19:53:46Z","timestamp":1727639626000},"page":"592-602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Electronic senses and UPLC\u2010Q\u2010TOF\/MS combined with chemometrics analyses of <i>Cynanchum<\/i> species (Baishouwu)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Junjie","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongli","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifu","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Binhai Agricultural Tourism Group Co., Ltd.  Yancheng China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daoguo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Binhai Agricultural Tourism Group Co., Ltd.  Yancheng China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2668-2869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.967"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725\u2010022\u201000953\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1169709"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2018.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2018.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272\u2010011\u20101203\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116867"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"The current situations and progress of Baishouwu planted in Jiangsu [J]","volume":"24","author":"Wang DY","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chin Wild Plant Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272\u2010013\u20100060\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2153\u20100769.1000152"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033\u2010016\u20103959\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11816\u2010017\u20100432\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.01945"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23061337"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"2305","article-title":"Study on the identification of three different original plants of Baishouwu [J]","volume":"44","author":"Zhang SY","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Chin Med Mater"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf403215y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.3211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28166063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2023.115322"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.922488"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2024.115834"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27123892"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2013.2263125"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2017.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.05.045"}],"container-title":["Phytochemical Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pca.3453","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T09:31:17Z","timestamp":1761039077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pca.3453"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pca.3453"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pca.3453","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0344","1099-1565"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0958-0344"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-1565"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}