{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T16:28:07Z","timestamp":1783960087983,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytochemical Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Flavonoids are the main nonvolatile component responsible for the anti\u2013rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovitis activities of <jats:italic>Artemisia argyi<\/jats:italic> Folium. However, the effective ingredient remains unidentified. Spectrum\u2013effect relationships analysis was a reliable and efficient strategy for herbal effective ingredient discovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to screen the effective ingredients within the total flavonoid from <jats:italic>Artemisia argyi<\/jats:italic> Folium (TFAA) that exhibit anti\u2010RA synovitis activities based on spectrum\u2013effect relationship.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>TFAA was obtained through ethanol extraction and subsequent purification with D101 resin from 15 distinct batches of <jats:italic>Artemisia argyi<\/jats:italic> Folium. The fingerprint of TFAA was established using HPLC, and its efficacy against RA synovitis was evaluated by determining the inhibition rate of nitric oxide (NO) on MH7A synovioblast induced by TNF\u2010\u03b1. Common peaks were identified using HPLC\u2010MS\/MS and authentic standards. The spectrum\u2013effect relationships between the fingerprints and efficacy were analyzed by gray relational analysis (GRA), canonical correlation analysis (CCA), and partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR) to pinpoint the peaks responsible for the anti\u2010RA synovitis activity, and the results were further verified by in\u00a0vitro anti\u2010RA synovitis experiments and molecular docking studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fingerprint revealed 14 common peaks, and 12 compounds were identified, including four caffeoylquinic acids and eight flavonoids. Among them, five flavonoids\u2014X10 (hispidulin), X11 (jaceosidin), X12 (centaureidin), X13 (eupatilin), and X14 (casticin)\u2014were highly relevant to anti\u2010RA synovitis activity. Verification experiments confirmed their inhibitory effect on NO production and cytokine secretion in MH7A cells, showing anti\u2010RA synovitis potential, which was consistent with the established spectrum effect relationship. The underlying mechanism might be related to the inhibition of iNOS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hispidulin, jaceosidin, centaureidin, eupatilin, and casticin were the key effective ingredient of TFAA responsible for its anti\u2010RA synovitis effects. These compounds can serve as quality control markers for <jats:italic>Artemisia argyi<\/jats:italic> Folium and as lead compounds for anti\u2010RA synovitis treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.3479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T07:03:05Z","timestamp":1731481385000},"page":"943-956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Screening Anti\u2013Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovitis Effective Ingredients of Total Flavonoid From <scp><i>Artemisia argyi<\/i><\/scp> Folium Based on Spectrum\u2013Effect Relationship"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National &amp; Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High\u2010throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, College of Health Science and Engineering Hubei University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueyue","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National &amp; Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High\u2010throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, College of Health Science and Engineering Hubei University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiwen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National &amp; Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High\u2010throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, College of Health Science and Engineering Hubei University  Wuhan 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