{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T07:40:13Z","timestamp":1760082013524,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32360769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32360769"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytochemical Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Galls, which are abnormal or protruding tissues, form when insects bite plant cells and serve as evidence for understanding plant\u2010insect interactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is aimed at understanding the interactions between <jats:italic>Chrysanthemum<\/jats:italic> species and insects at the metabolomic level and to reveal the metabolic changes induced by insect galls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study employed liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS) and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS), along with multivariate statistics and pathway enrichment, for metabolomic profiling of <jats:italic>Chrysanthemum glabriusculum<\/jats:italic>, including gall\u2010infected and gall\u2010free leaves, and reported the gall phenomenon in <jats:italic>Chrysanthemum<\/jats:italic> species for the first time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>LC\u2013MS metabolomics analysis identified 105 marker metabolites, with 61 upregulated and 42 downregulated. Organic acids were the most abundant (20.00%), followed by carbohydrates (16.19%) and flavonoids (14.29%). KEGG analysis revealed significant pathway enrichment in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, the TCA cycle, and galactose metabolism (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). GC\u2013MS metabolomics analysis revealed 27 volatile secondary metabolites, predominantly terpenoids (16 types), followed mainly by alcohol (4 types) and ketone compounds (three types). VIP\u2009&gt;\u20091 analysis revealed 13 differentially signature metabolites; gall tissue (CgCa) presented elevated levels of \u03b2\u2010phellandrene, camphene, and 1,8\u2010Cineole, whereas \u03b3\u2010Muurolene, \u03b1\u2010Farnesene, and Copaene were downregulated in CgCa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>During gall induction, <jats:italic>C. glabriusculum<\/jats:italic> plays an important role in energy metabolism through the regulation of key metabolic pathways, such as galactose metabolism and the TCA cycle, and their products; moreover, by regulating the biosynthesis of flavonoids and flavonols and the corresponding accumulation of secondary metabolites (terpenoids, ketones, and alcohols), it defends against insect\u2010induced galls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.70011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T09:19:43Z","timestamp":1752484783000},"page":"2050-2064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Galls on the Metabolism of <i>Chrysanthemum<\/i> Species Based on Metabolomic Profiling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Hongting","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural and Biological Sciences Dali University  Dali China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenmiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural and Biological Sciences Dali University  Dali China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoxi","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural and 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