{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:10:39Z","timestamp":1791893439229,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytochemical Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The role of macromolecular components in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) decoction remains poorly understood, primarily because of their structural complexity and limited systemic bioavailability. In the modernization of TCMs' decoctions, macromolecular components are often removed as \u201cpoor bioavailable impurities\u201d by ethanol precipitation that might attenuate the efficacy thereof.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A novel strategy integrating LC\u2013MS\u2010based serum pharmacochemistry, network pharmacology, and pharmacodynamics was developed to reveal the role of macromolecular components in TCMs' decoction, using Qi\u2010Huo\u2010Yi\u2010Fei decoction (QH) treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a case study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>QH was separated into macromolecular components (QH\u2010M) and small molecular components (QH\u2010S) by ethanol precipitation. The absorbed components of QH and QH\u2010S in serum were qualitatively and semiquantitatively analyzed by UPLC\u2010QTOF\u2010MS\/MS. The differences in targets and pathways of the absorbed components were predicted by network pharmacology analysis. The therapeutic effects on pulmonary function, histopathology, and inflammation of QH, QH\u2010S, and QH\u2010M were comparatively investigated on a COPD rat model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 103 components were identified in QH and QH\u2010S, whereas 86 and 72 were detectable in QH\u2010 or QH\u2010S\u2010treated serum, respectively. The highest levels of absorbed components appeared from 15 to 60\u2009min for QH\u2010S and at 15\u2009min for QH. The concentrations of most absorbed components of QH were twofold higher than those of QH\u2010S. Their protein\u2013protein interaction (PPI), herb\u2013component\u2013target networks, and GO\/KEGG enrichment pathways were quite different, mainly in inflammatory, immunity, and cell apoptosis processes. QH\u2010M improved pulmonary function, histopathology, and inflammatory infiltration, mainly on FVC (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), thickness\/external diameter (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), Wac\/Pbm (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), TNF\u2010\u03b1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and IL\u201017 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Meanwhile, QH was more effective than QH\u2010S, mainly on FEV0.3\/FVC, MAN, GC\/CC, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and IL\u201017.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>QH\u2010M was not only effective independently on COPD but also showed integrative effects with the coexisting QH\u2010S in improving their absorption, thus strengthening the component\u2013target interactions, and consequently contributing to the COPD therapeutic effects of QH. Therefore, it was confirmed that QH\u2010M was essential for QH's COPD therapy and should not be removed during the modern preparation development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.70021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T05:15:26Z","timestamp":1755234926000},"page":"2148-2181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["LC\u2013MS\u2010Based Serum Pharmacochemistry Combined With Network Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics to Evaluate the Role of Macromolecular Components in TCMs' Decoction: A Case Study on Qi\u2010Huo\u2010Yi\u2010Fei Decoction for COPD Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9238-9466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolomics Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hu\u2010Dong","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolomics Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Laboratory Center Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolomics Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7218-2462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolomics Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5999-0780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng\u2010Ying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolomics Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing 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