{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T16:59:36Z","timestamp":1790528376487,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,14]],"date-time":"2005-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1129248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytochemical Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Solvent\u2010modified carbon dioxide extractions of the roots of <jats:italic>Harpagophytum procumbens<\/jats:italic> have been investigated with respect to extraction efficiency and content of harpagoside, and compared with a conventional extract. The effects of pressure, temperature, type and concentration of the modifier have been examined. Two extraction steps were necessary in order to achieve high anti\u2010inflammatory harpagoside\u2010enriched extracts. The first extraction step was carried out in the supercritical state using carbon dioxide modified with <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010propanol to remove undesired lipophilic substances. The main extraction was performed either in the supercritical or in the subcritical state with carbon dioxide modified with ethanol. The supercritical fluid extraction resulted in extracts containing up to 30% harpagoside. The subcritical extracts showed a harpagoside content of ca. 20%, but the extraction yield was nearly three times greater compared with supercritical conditions. The total harpagoside recovery resulting from the sum of the extract and the crude drug residue was greater than 99% in all experiments. The conventional extract and two carbon dioxide extracts were tested for <jats:italic>in\u2010vitro<\/jats:italic> inhibition of 5\u2010lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase\u20102 biosynthesis. Both carbon dioxide extracts showed total inhibition on 5\u2010lipoxygenase biosynthesis at a concentration of 51.8 mg\/L. In contrast, the conventional extract failed to show any inhibition of 5\u2010lipoxygenase biosynthesis. Copyright \u00a9 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,14]],"date-time":"2005-10-14T06:46:27Z","timestamp":1129272387000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["High anti\u2010inflammatory activity of harpagoside\u2010enriched extracts obtained from solvent\u2010modified super\u2010 and subcritical carbon dioxide extractions of the roots of <i>Harpagophytum procumbens<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Laufer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. C.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"ChrubasikS.1996.Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochkonzentrierten Extrakten von Pflanzenwirkstoffen insbesondere der Teufelskralle. Patent DE 19603788 A1 2 February 1996."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"European Pharmacopoeia","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004820170043"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"GreitherO.2001.Arzneimittelzubereitung mit anti\u2010arteriosklerotischer Wirkung. Patent EP 1 210 945 A1 30 November 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00381a005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.19973300908"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2001.115445"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bbpc.19930970409"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2003.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"StumpfKH JaggyH OschmannR KochE SimmetT.1997.Harpagoside\u2010enriched extract fromHarpagophytum procumbensand processes for producing same. Patent WO97\/34565 25 September 1997."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3812(87)85042-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"WheatleyGW ChapmanTB DringS GerickeN.1999.A method of producing high anti\u2010inflammatory activity extracts fromHarpagophytum procumbens. Patent GB 2335919 A 1 April 1998."}],"container-title":["Phytochemical Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pca.822","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T13:21:29Z","timestamp":1761052889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pca.822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,14]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pca.822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pca.822","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0344","1099-1565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0344","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-04-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-10-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-10-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}