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Patients with painful disorders are reported to show attentional biases toward pain\u2010related information. However, these findings are controversial and rarely has any study examined whether chronic pain patients have attentional biases to pain\u2010related conditioned stimuli (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). In this study, 21 patients diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) were recruited from the neurosurgical department of a large urban general hospital. Sixteen family members and 21 pain\u2010free volunteers were included as two separate control groups. Pain ratings, pain\u2010related anxiety, general anxiety, and depression were measured in all subjects using questionnaires. Two dot probe tests were performed, one which used pictures of painful versus neutral faces as cues, and another that presented three types of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      as cues that predicted certain, uncertain, or no pain. Our results demonstrated that the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients showed attentional biases towards painful faces and the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      that signaled uncertain pain. Moreover, the ratings of negative emotion about their pain conditions correlated significantly with the presence of attentional biases. The patients' close family members, however, displayed biases towards uncertain\u2010pain\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . This study demonstrates that patients with chronic pain have increased attention towards pain\u2010related information and that the fearful thinking about pain was positively correlated with this phenomenon.\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pchj.57","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T02:44:59Z","timestamp":1397616299000},"page":"189-200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Fearful thinking predicts hypervigilance towards pain\u2010related stimuli in patients with chronic pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Chun\u2010Hong","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 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