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Prevailing models privilege intrapersonal processes\u2014autonomy, self\u2010efficacy, and personal achievement\u2014while systematically under\u2010theorizing the relational and moral dimensions through which happiness is experienced and evaluated in non\u2010WEIRD societies. This article proposes a reformulation of happiness through the construct of relational well\u2010being: a multi\u2010level framework that reconceptualizes flourishing as emerging from the dynamic interplay between individuals and their embeddedness in social, relational, and moral worlds. Specifically, we define relational well\u2010being as a pattern of flourishing constituted by four interdependent dimensions: (a) relational connectedness and belonging, (b) role fulfillment and reciprocal obligation, (c) interpersonal harmony and conflict regulation, and (d) moral embeddedness within social and cultural systems. Although these dimensions are not culturally exclusive, we argue that they are normatively foregrounded, elaboratively articulated, and more systematically organized in Chinese cultural contexts\u2014making Chinese society a theoretically generative case for advancing a non\u2010WEIRD account of well\u2010being. Drawing primarily on traditional Chinese philosophical traditions\u2014including Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist perspectives\u2014while acknowledging the dynamic transformation of contemporary Chinese culture, we develop a culturally grounded account of how relational processes constitute\u2014rather than merely contextualize\u2014the experience of happiness. Moving beyond a binary opposition between Chinese and Western models, we adopt a relative emphasis perspective that acknowledges cross\u2010cultural overlap while mapping systematic divergences in the normative organization of well\u2010being. We further address key methodological challenges in studying relational well\u2010being, including construct validity, measurement equivalence, and the risk of conceptual ethnocentrism, and we outline a research agenda for developing culturally sensitive, multi\u2010level assessment strategies. This article\u00a0contributes to the ongoing project of building a genuinely inclusive positive psychology\u2014one that integrates individual, relational, and collective dimensions of human flourishing and holds empirical validity beyond the WEIRD populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pchj.70121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:23:18Z","timestamp":1788236598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relational Well\u2010Being in Non\u2010\n                    <scp>WEIRD<\/scp>\n                    Societies: A Reformulation of Happiness From a Chinese Cultural Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5988-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Foreign Languages Southwest Petroleum University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8160-2510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanhui","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Psychology, Psychological Research and Counseling Center Southwest Jiaotong University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5598-0390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederick T. L.","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science Chinese University of Hong Kong  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Dao De Jing: \u2018Making This Life Significant\u2019: A Philosophical Translation","author":"Ames R. 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