{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:29:10Z","timestamp":1789468150540,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PCN Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parenting styles are determinants of psychosocial maladjustment in the subsequent generation. Modifiable factors that positively impact intergenerational transmission should be identified. Thus, this study investigated the mediating effects of adult attachment on the transmission of child\u2010rearing styles and the combined impact of fathers' and mothers' styles on their offspring's parenting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 396 fathers and 733 mothers participated. They were married or cohabiting when their children aged 0\u201310 years attended a pediatric office in Japan. The pediatricians distributed the self\u2010report questionnaires to examine perceived rearing (the Parental Bonding Instrument), adult attachment (the Relationship Questionnaire), and demographic characteristics. We then analyzed the data using structural equation modeling that illustrated intergenerational transmission of rearing styles between grandparents and parents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 385 fathers (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200935.5 years, SD\u2009=\u20096.0) and 699 mothers (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200933.5 years, SD\u2009=\u20095.1) satisfied the eligibility criteria. The path models showed that adult attachment to partners mediated grandparental and parental care. However, no mediating effect was observed in other intergenerational patterns that transmitted overprotective rearing styles. Additionally, combined grandfather and grandmother care were positively associated with parental overprotection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggested the potential of adult attachment in mediating loving, empathic, and warm rearing styles and the combined effects of both parents' styles on promoting the next\u2010generation parents' overprotective styles. Our findings clarify how to terminate the negative chain of the parent\u2013child transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pcn5.22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T12:07:48Z","timestamp":1656677268000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Intergenerational transmission of child\u2010rearing styles mediated by adult attachment: A structural equation model approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4089-1816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nao","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive\u2010Behavioral Medicine Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikihiko","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kumamoto Paediatric Association Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kumamoto Paediatric Association Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshinori","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo Institute of Mental Health Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Kitamura KOKORO Clinic Mental Health Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"T. and F. Kitamura Foundation for Mental Health Research and Skill Advancement Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1126611"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cd.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129739"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02487.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","volume-title":"Parental overprotection: a risk factor in psychosocial development","author":"Parker GB","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291797006016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291711001942"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30388"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016044906341"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679409075866"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199005000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016542"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-2297(92)90004-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"445","article-title":"Intergenerational similarity and dissimilarity in parental authority among educated women","volume":"20","author":"Yaffe Y","year":"2018","journal-title":"North Am J Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874922400902010082"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.12200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-009-9256-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv093"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","volume-title":"Vol. I: Attachment","author":"Bowlby J","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","volume-title":"Vol. II: Separation","author":"Bowlby J","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868314541858"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838017730579"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1599052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.1999.18.3.255"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-014-0445-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.141.6.573"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"A validation study of the parental bonding instrument in a Japanese population","volume":"47","author":"Kitamura T","year":"1993","journal-title":"Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-006-0027-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.2.226"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Advances in personality relationship: attachment processes in adulthood","author":"Griffin DW","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-005-0105-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","first-page":"60","volume-title":"Perinatal bonding disorders: causes and consequences","author":"Kitamura T","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.2.238"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness\u2010of\u2010fit measures","volume":"8","author":"Schermelleh\u2010Engel K","year":"2003","journal-title":"Methods Psychol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(96)00092-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365090017004003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270200010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6629(199504)23:2<117::AID-JCOP2290230203>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014850"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291706009524"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","volume-title":"The anatomy of dependence","author":"Doi T","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00647.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024150"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1461673042000303127"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2014.962064"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874922401406010008"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pcn5.22","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pcn5.22","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pcn5.22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T06:43:13Z","timestamp":1724827393000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pcn5.22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pcn5.22"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pcn5.22","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2769-2558","2769-2558"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2769-2558","type":"print"},{"value":"2769-2558","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e22"}}