{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T03:11:09Z","timestamp":1791083469282,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PCN Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of patients presenting to the emergency department with an overdose of over\u2010the\u2010counter (OTC) drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A questionnaire survey was conducted to examine the sociodemographic characteristics of patients with OTC drugs overdoses visiting emergency departments at eight sites across the country. The patients were divided into \u201chabitual\u201d and \u201cnonhabitual\u201d groups according to their history of OTC drugs overdose. Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test or Welch's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test was performed for numerical variables, and Pearson's <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test was performed for dichotomous and nominal variables between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 124 patients included in this study, 79% were women. The habitual (26.6%) and the nonhabitual (73.4%) groups showed no differences in sex, occupation, cohabitants, history of mental illness, or history of alcohol consumption or smoking; however, those in the habitual group were significantly younger. The proportion of OTC drugs obtained from physical stores was higher in the habitual group, whereas the nonhabitual group used more household medicines. Suicide and self\u2010harm were more common reasons for overdose in the nonhabitual group. Antipyretic analgesics were significantly more common in the nonhabitual group, whereas antitussive expectorants and antihistamines were significantly more common in the habitual group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first multicenter study to determine the status of OTC drugs overdose patients treated at emergency departments of medical facilities in Japan. To prevent new overdoses of OTC drugs, continued detailed epidemiologic studies of patient backgrounds and drug acquisition routes, and investigation of the components of OTC drugs that cause dependency are necessary.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pcn5.225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T06:39:22Z","timestamp":1721111962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prospective multicenter study of the epidemiological features of emergency patients with overdose of over\u2010the\u2010counter drugs in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9996-9203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryoko","family":"Kyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Toxicology Saitama Medical University Hospital  Iruma\u2010gun Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0326-6165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshito","family":"Kamijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Toxicology Saitama Medical University Hospital  Iruma\u2010gun Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeko","family":"Kohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Toxicology Saitama Medical University Hospital  Iruma\u2010gun Saitama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine and Trauma National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center  Tachikawa Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiko","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Toxicology Saitama Medical University Hospital  Iruma\u2010gun Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8906-6230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuya","family":"Shimane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Dependence Research National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Kodaira Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Dependence Research National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Kodaira Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetada","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Nara Medical University  Kashihara Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shogo","family":"Narumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency department Saga University Hospital  Saga Saga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuyo","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital  Narita Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiki","family":"Sera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital  Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Otani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine St. Luke's International Hospital  Chuo\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasumasa","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medical National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center  Aoyama Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the regulatory assessment of medicinal products for use in self\u2010medication","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.0333-17"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","first-page":"252","article-title":"Proposed indicators for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in drug abuse fields based on national data from Japan","volume":"70","author":"Shimane T","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Inst Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","unstructured":"ShimaneT InouraS KitamuraM YamaguchiY KitagakiK TominagaK et al. 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