{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:18:02Z","timestamp":1790198282532,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PCN Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition clinically characterized by abnormalities in eye contact during social interactions. Eye\u2010tracking systems have been used to screen individuals with ASD by capturing atypical eye gaze patterns of diagnostic significance, such as reduced duration of eye gaze fixation on social information. However, most prior studies have focused on the screening accuracy of eye\u2010tracking systems in children already diagnosed with ASD, with few longitudinal assessments conducted on a large scale. This large\u2010scale, longitudinal, community\u2010based study aimed to analyze the association between specific neurodevelopmental symptoms and the duration of eye gaze fixation on social information within a community\u2010based setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A longitudinal study involving 2101 participants utilized a generalized linear model (GLM) to examine associations between the duration of eye gaze fixation on social information at age 4 years and subscale scores of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at ages 6\u20137.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>GLM analysis revealed that shorter durations of eye gaze fixation on social information at age 4 years were significantly associated with emotional problems and peer problems, and with hyperactivity\/inattention attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at ages 6\u20137 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings demonstrate the ability to detect not only peer problems characteristic of ASD but also hyperactivity\/inattention characteristic of ADHD longitudinally, which it might be related to the comorbidity of ASD and ADHD. This preliminary study highlights the potential for neurodevelopmental screening; however, further research is needed to validate the accuracy of these methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pcn5.70095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T15:17:02Z","timestamp":1747667822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Longitudinal association between the duration of eye gaze fixation on social information and specific symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders in children: A large\u2010scale community\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4871-8455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masatsugu","family":"Orui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Institute of Disaster Science Tohoku University  Sendai Japan"},{"name":"Tohoku Medical Megabank 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