{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T18:50:39Z","timestamp":1764874239457,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PCN Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>An association between constipation and psychiatric disorders has been suggested. While magnesium oxide (MgO) is frequently administered in Japan to treat constipation, there is a risk of developing hypermagnesemia. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of hypermagnesemia in patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among all patients admitted to Ainohanazono Hospital between January 2020 and December 2023 who had undergone \u22651 blood test, we retrospectively investigated the risk of developing hypermagnesemia in those with or without MgO, patient characteristics associated with this risk, and characteristics that determined the MgO dosage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 1120 patients, 532 (48%) were prescribed MgO. The risk of developing hypermagnesemia was 2.76 times higher for patients prescribed MgO than for those not prescribed MgO. Patient characteristics associated with the risk of developing hypermagnesemia were daily MgO dose (hazards ratio [HR] 2.66), serum creatinine level (HR 1.75), and female biological sex (HR 1.44). Regarding patient characteristics that determined the prescribed MgO dosage, concomitantly administered antipsychotic and anticholinergic drugs were associated with an increase in the amount prescribed (odds ratio [OR] 1.12 and OR 1.06, respectively). However, long\u2010term treatment duration (OR 0.91) and blood urea nitrogen levels (OR 0.95) were associated with a decrease in the dosage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We clarified the risk of MgO\u2010related hypermagnesemia, particularly for patients undergoing long\u2010term (&gt;1 year) MgO administration. Antipsychotic and anticholinergic drug dosages slightly affected the increase in the MgO dosage. Regular blood sampling is needed to prevent hypermagnesemia, with a switch to a non\u2010MgO laxative when renal function is impaired.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pcn5.70155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T04:08:15Z","timestamp":1752725295000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hypermagnesemia in a psychiatric hospital"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2073-4832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Takenaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Toyooka Public Hospital Toyooka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayo","family":"Emori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Ainohanazono Hospital Ibaraki City Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirotsugu","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000030369"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2459693"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13651501.2017.1384023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02927-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020421"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm18194"},{"volume-title":"Clinical guidelines for chronic constipation","year":"2023","author":"Japan Gastroenterological Association","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2918249"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14478"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13730-018-0359-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3918\/jsicm.27_99"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","unstructured":"The Japanese Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. Revision of Precautions Magnesium Oxide [Internet].2015[cited 2025 Apr 3]. Available from:http:\/\/www.pmda.go.jp\/files\/000219708.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59071190"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12530"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40780-019-0133-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.18-117"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Relationship between the magnesium oxide dose and antipsychotic, anticholinergic","volume":"36","author":"Ando M","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Jpn Assoc Psychiatr Hosp"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12275"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","unstructured":"Japan Clinical Oncology Group.Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2025 Apr 3]. Available from:http:\/\/www.pmda.go.jp\/files\/000219708.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4038\/jnsfsr.v37i1.456"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.244"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pcn5.70155","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T10:42:18Z","timestamp":1758796938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pcn5.70155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pcn5.70155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pcn5.70155","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2769-2558","2769-2558"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2769-2558"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2769-2558"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70155"}}