{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:22:54Z","timestamp":1774311774972,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PCN Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examines the issues of over\u2010the\u2010counter (OTC) drug abuse among adolescents from the perspective of deliberate self\u2010harm and suicide. It aims to elucidate the clinical characteristics of psychiatric disorders related to OTC drug use and explore treatment approaches in the context of self\u2010harm and suicide prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study analyzed 93 adolescent cases (ages 10\u201319) of psychiatric disorders primarily attributed to OTC drug use, extracted from the \u201c2024 Nationwide Survey on Drug\u2010Related Psychiatric Disorders in Psychiatric Medical Facilities in Japan.\u201d Cases were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of incidents of deliberate self\u2010harm within the past year. Clinical variables were compared between the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incidents of deliberate self\u2010harm within the past year were observed in 82.8% of the cases. Clinical features significantly associated with deliberate self\u2010harm included being female, having an educational level of high school dropout or lower (including current enrollment in middle or high school), and engaging in sub\u2010threshold drug use not meeting the diagnostic criteria for addiction. Furthermore, recent OTC drug use, severity of substance use disorder, and the presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders were not associated with \u201cdeliberate self\u2010harm\u201d among adolescents with OTC\u2010related psychiatric disorders. The use of existing medical or non\u2010medical resources designed for drug addiction treatment was also not associated with self\u2010harming behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From the standpoint of suicide and self\u2010harm prevention, conventional approaches centered on substance use disorder treatment and recovery support may not be sufficiently effective for this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pcn5.70271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T06:01:32Z","timestamp":1765864892000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Deliberate self\u2010harm in adolescents with OTC\u2010related psychiatric disorders: A study of prevalence and associated factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7076-2161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Dependence Research National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health Kodaira Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2286-8663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Usami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Dependence Research National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health Kodaira Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Fukuoka Prefectural Psychiatric Center Dazaifu Hospital Dazaifu Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akiho","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Dependence Research National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health Kodaira Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0937-4135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayako","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Dependence Research National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health Kodaira Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Psychiatry Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoji","family":"Okita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Dependence Research National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health Kodaira Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8906-6230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuya","family":"Shimane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Dependence Research National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health Kodaira Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"MatsumotoT UsamiT OkitaK NishimuraA YamamotoT Tanibuchi"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"1139","article-title":"A study on recent teenage patients with drug\u2010related psychiatric disorders in Japan: changes of the abused drugs and clinical features","volume":"62","author":"Usami T","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seishin\u2010Igaku"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00143.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"449","article-title":"Contemporary culture and the current state of addiction treatment: overdose of over\u2010the\u2010counter drugs, \u201cStrong\u201d Chuhai, and suicide","volume":"67","author":"Matsumoto T","year":"2025","journal-title":"Seishin\u2010Igaku"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. Trends in the number of suicides based on suicide statistics from the National Police Agency. 29 Jan2025.https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/content\/001386269.pdf(in Japanese)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.1998.tb00622.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","unstructured":"TachikawaH. Why are child suicides increasing? What are the causes and motives? What can we do? TBS Research Institute \u201cSurvey Information Digital\u201d (Chousa\u2010Joho Digital). 31 May2025.https:\/\/tbs-mri.com\/n\/n06c8ed8c9f30(in Japanese: final confirmation on 19 Sep)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.181.3.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Harm reduction, second edition: pragmatic strategies for managing high risk behaviors","author":"Tatarsky A","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2016.13.3.360"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11836-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-56112-3_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12440"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pcn5.70271","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pcn5.70271","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pcn5.70271","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T14:46:13Z","timestamp":1771166773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pcn5.70271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pcn5.70271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pcn5.70271","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2769-2558","2769-2558"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2769-2558","type":"print"},{"value":"2769-2558","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70271"}}