{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:15:31Z","timestamp":1780733731455,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PCN Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In adolescence, peer relationships and leisure engagement become central to well\u2010being. This study aimed to characterize the hobbies of boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and examine whether engagement in peer\u2010shared hobbies is associated with higher quality of life (QOL) across school stages (upper elementary vs. middle school).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This exploratory cross\u2010sectional study included boys with ASD in Japan (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200971). Participants reported hobby types and whether they engaged in these hobbies with friends. QOL was assessed using a validated child\u2010reported instrument with six subscales and a total score. Group differences (with vs. without peer\u2010shared hobbies) were tested for each school stage using independent\u2010samples\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests; effect sizes (Cohen's\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and both uncorrected and Holm\u2013Bonferroni\u2010adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010values were reported. Proportions were compared with\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Many boys expressed a desire to play with friends, but only 36.8% of upper elementary boys and 21.2% of middle school boys did so. Middle school boys with peer\u2010shared hobbies showed higher unadjusted total QOL than those without such hobbies (e.g.,\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      (31)\u2009=\u20092.55,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.016;\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.04), with small\u2010to\u2010large advantages on several subscales; however, these differences did not remain statistically significant after Holm\u2013Bonferroni correction. Age\u2010group comparisons suggested increasing difficulty in achieving peer\u2010shared hobby engagement from late childhood to adolescence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest that hobby\u2010based engagement with peers may be an important\u2014but underrealized\u2014pathway to better QOL in boys with autism. Larger, preregistered studies are warranted to confirm these associations and inform interventions that leverage shared hobbies as a scaffold for social connection and well\u2010being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pcn5.70276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T10:38:09Z","timestamp":1766745489000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Peer\u2010shared hobbies and quality of life in boys with autism spectrum disorder: An exploratory cross\u2010sectional study in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7654-0085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaki","family":"Seki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Okute Hospital Mizunami City Gifu Japan"},{"name":"Department of Advanced Internal Medicine Dokkyo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine Shimotsuga Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2375-0467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Ogata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center Koshigaya City Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1118-6975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoya","family":"Hishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Gifuminami Hospital Gifu City Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5159-0572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erina","family":"Nakane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center Koshigaya City Saitama 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