{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:57:07Z","timestamp":1790679427978,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PCN Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autoimmune encephalitis in children may present with predominant psychiatric and behavioral symptoms, creating diagnostic challenges, particularly in patients with pre\u2010existing autism spectrum disorder. Seronegative forms are especially difficult to recognize because neuronal autoantibodies are not detected, and diagnostic overshadowing may delay consideration of immune\u2010mediated etiologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report the case of an 11\u2010year\u2010old boy of Turkish background living in France, with autism and normal intelligence, who developed severe subacute behavioral and cognitive regression. Symptoms included explosive aggression, self\u2010injurious behavior, obsessive\u2010compulsive\u2010like behavioral loops, psychotic\u2010like features, agitated catatonic deterioration from baseline, loss of adaptive skills, and marked functional decline. The condition was resistant to intensive psychiatric care and multiple psychotropic treatments. Etiological assessment revealed focal epilepsy, cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, and abnormal brain fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG\u2010PET) findings, while extensive work\u2010up excluded infectious, metabolic, genetic, systemic autoimmune, and oncological causes. Neuronal autoantibodies were negative in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. A cautious diagnosis of probable seronegative autoimmune encephalitis was retained based on the clinical course, focal epilepsy, serial FDG\u2010PET abnormalities, follow\u2010up cerebrospinal fluid findings, exclusion of alternative etiologies, and expert consensus. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy was associated with progressive but partial clinical improvement, and rituximab was introduced after a response plateau.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case highlights the risk of diagnostic overshadowing in children with autism presenting with severe, treatment\u2010resistant behavioral or catatonic regression. Immune\u2010mediated etiologies should be considered even in the absence of detectable autoantibodies. Serial FDG\u2010PET may support diagnostic reasoning and follow\u2010up, while remaining nonspecific and insufficient as diagnostic proof in isolation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pcn5.70395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:52:02Z","timestamp":1788792722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serial FDG\u2010PET in probable seronegative autoimmune encephalitis presenting as severe behavioral regression in a child with autism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6262-8113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edouard","family":"Guez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, AP\u2010HP Sorbonne University Paris France"},{"name":"INSERM UMR\u2010S1136, Institute Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health (iPLesp), Team Social Epidemiology, Mental Health and Addictions (ESSMA) Sorbonne University Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Falempin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, AP\u2010HP Sorbonne University Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Hanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, AP\u2010HP Sorbonne University Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Maladies Rares \u00e0 Expression Psychiatrique &amp; PSYDEV Team, Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re University Hospital, AP\u2010HP Sorbonne University Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Arbouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, AP\u2010HP Sorbonne University Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rony","family":"Boucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, AP\u2010HP Sorbonne University Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Hamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, AP\u2010HP Sorbonne University Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Raffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, AP\u2010HP Sorbonne University Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e8le","family":"Consoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, AP\u2010HP Sorbonne University Paris France"},{"name":"INSERM UMR\u2010S1136, Institute Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health (iPLesp), Team Social Epidemiology, Mental Health and Addictions (ESSMA) Sorbonne University Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Kas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP\u2010HP, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Charles Foix, Service de M\u00e9decine Nucl\u00e9aire and LIB, INSERM U1146 Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Giannitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, AP\u2010HP Sorbonne University Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Maladies Rares \u00e0 Expression Psychiatrique &amp; 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