{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:57:07Z","timestamp":1790679427981,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005769","name":"National Institute for Environmental Studies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PCN Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we aimed to examine the associations between adverse childhood experience (ACE) exposure, adult autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits in a nationwide sample, and assess links with specific symptom subdomains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a cross\u2010sectional analysis using 2024 data from the Japan \u201cSociety and New Tobacco\u201d Internet Survey. Adults (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200929,268; \u226518 years) completed self\u2010reports including the 10\u2010item ACE questionnaire (categorized: 0, 1, 2, 3, or \u22654 ACEs), Autism\u2010Spectrum Quotient short form, and Adult ADHD Self\u2010Report Scale. Logistic regression models assessed associations between ACEs and positive ASD (score\u2009\u2265\u20097) and ADHD (score\u2009\u2265\u20094) screens, adjusting for demographics, health, mental distress (K6), and alcohol use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among respondents, 4.9% reported experiencing \u22654 ACEs. Positive screening rates were 11.9% for ASD traits and 7.7% for ADHD traits. ASD traits were only associated with high ACE exposure (\u22654 ACEs: odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 1.11\u20131.49). ADHD traits showed a dose\u2013response relationship starting at 1 ACE (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00\u20131.31), and increased with greater exposure (\u22654 ACEs: OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.45\u20131.98). High exposure was linked to specific ASD symptoms (e.g., social and communication difficulties) and ADHD symptoms (e.g., disorganization, task avoidance, and hyperactivity).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ACEs were associated with adult ASD and ADHD traits and related symptom subdomains in adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pcn5.70397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:07:14Z","timestamp":1787562434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adverse childhood experiences and neurodevelopmental disorder traits: A nationwide cross\u2010sectional 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