{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:57:42Z","timestamp":1790679462942,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21K13474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21K13474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP25oa0439005h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP25oa0439005h0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015768","name":"International Research Center for Neurointelligence, University of Tokyo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015768","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PCN Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although research on the prevalence and psychological difficulties of young carers has increased, little is known about how their difficulties differ according to the type of disability or illness of the care recipient. This study examined the association between the type of disability of care recipients and psychological difficulties among Japanese junior and senior high school students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 860 students participated in a self\u2010administered survey that included the Young Carers Scale\u2013Japanese version (YCS\u2010J), the Multidimensional Assessment of Caring Activities Checklist for Young Carers (MACA\u2010YC18), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify which types of family members were cared for and which disability or disease categories were associated with perceived difficulties. Post hoc analyses were performed to examine patterns in MACA\u2011YC18 and SDQ scores among young carers supporting family members with mental health problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of young carers was 8.8% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200976). Multiple regression analysis revealed that having a care recipient with a mental health problem was a significant predictor of higher total difficult scores on the SDQ (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        R\n                        <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.014,\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      [11, 844]\u2009=\u20092.119,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017). Young carers supporting family members with mental health problems were significantly more involved in personal care, assessed by the MACA\u2010YC18, and exhibited significantly higher emotional symptoms and total difficulties scores on the SDQ than non\u2010young carers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the need for targeted support for young carers\u2014particularly those caring for family members with mental health problems\u2014within schools and the broader community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pcn5.70398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T09:25:12Z","timestamp":1787736312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Personal care burden and emotional symptoms among young carers supporting family members with mental health problems"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4198-1875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norihito","family":"Oshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Counseling and Support Services The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8338-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naohiro","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate, School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI\u2010IRCN) The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS) Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Morishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate, School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Science The Teikyo Heisei University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Kanehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5457-7900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate, School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akito","family":"Uno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunichi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate, School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eureka","family":"Kumagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate, School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Usui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate, School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Community Mental Health and Law National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sho","family":"Kanata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate, School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Teikyo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoto","family":"Kasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate, School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI\u2010IRCN) The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS) Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"AldridgeJ BeckerS. 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