{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T10:51:19Z","timestamp":1791370279964,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PCN Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder with limited pharmaceutical treatment options. Ketamine, a noncompetitive\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010methyl\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist with rapid\u2010onset effects, has emerged as a potential treatment, particularly for patients who do not respond to first\u2010line therapies. This systematic review synthesizes the current evidence on the effectiveness and safety of ketamine for PTSD, with a focus on military and veteran populations. Eligible studies included adults with PTSD, who evaluated ketamine or esketamine, and reported efficacy and safety outcomes. Due to substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity, a meta\u2010analysis was not performed. Eight studies (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009383) were included, comprising five randomized\u2010controlled trials and three uncontrolled or observational studies. Most studies reported reductions in PTSD symptoms following ketamine administration. The largest effect size (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019\u2009=\u20092.17; representing a sample size\u2010adjusted Cohen's\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was reported in a small uncontrolled open\u2010label study of 15 veterans, in which six ketamine infusions were associated with an 80% PTSD remission rate. This finding warrants caution, given the small sample and the absence of a control group. Dissociative and hemodynamic adverse effects were frequently observed during infusion, but typically resolved afterward. No study reported cognitive decline associated with repeated ketamine administration. Current evidence suggests that ketamine may be associated with short\u2010term reductions in PTSD symptoms in some populations; however, findings remain preliminary due to small samples, heterogeneous designs, brief follow\u2010up, and inconsistent safety reporting.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pcn5.70425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T10:07:37Z","timestamp":1791367657000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and safety of ketamine for post\u2010traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review with narrative synthesis and consideration of military and veteran populations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9369-7427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Ivasyutyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Kansas Health Science University\u2014Kansas College of Osteopathic Medicine (KansasCOM) Wichita Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saajan","family":"Bhakta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Kansas Health Science University\u2014Kansas College of Osteopathic Medicine (KansasCOM) Wichita Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5216","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115216","article-title":"Hyperarousal, dissociation, emotion dysregulation and re\u2010experiencing\u2010towards understanding molecular aspects of PTSD symptoms","volume":"26","author":"Brzozowska A","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000708","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress 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ZD","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113964","article-title":"Predictors and trajectories of treatment response to SSRIs in patients suffering from PTSD","volume":"301","author":"N\u00f8hr AK","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.148551","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for post\u2010traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"206","author":"Hoskins M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-49795-2_4","volume-title":"The NMDA receptors","author":"Hashimoto K","year":"2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20081251","article-title":"Synthesizing the 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A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of ketamine for PTSD RCTs","volume":"15","author":"Borgogna NC","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pcn5.70425","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pcn5.70425","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pcn5.70425","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T10:07:42Z","timestamp":1791367662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pcn5.70425"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pcn5.70425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pcn5.70425","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2769-2558","2769-2558"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2769-2558","type":"print"},{"value":"2769-2558","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70425"}}