{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:22:57Z","timestamp":1792092177575,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,24]],"date-time":"2004-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the cost effectiveness of a universal prenatal screening program for \u03b1\u2010 and \u03b2\u2010thalassaemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed our program from 1998 to 2002, and calculated the direct and indirect costs of various components.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>18 936 women were screened at our prenatal clinic and 153 couples were subsequently referred to our Prenatal Diagnostic Centre for counselling and further investigations. In addition, there were 238 tertiary referrals and 157 self\u2010referrals. After investigations, 84 fetuses were at risk of \u03b2\u2010thalassaemia major\/\u03b2\u2010E thalassaemia, 19 of them were affected and 18 were aborted. The total expenditure on our program (HK$10.0 million) would be less than the postnatal service costs (HK$40.4 million) for 18\u03b2\u2010thalassaemia major fetuses if they were born. Of 361 women at risk of carrying a homozygous \u03b1<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\u2010thalassaemia fetus, 311 (86.2%) opted for the indirect approach (using serial ultrasound examinations to exclude Hb Bart's disease), and 76 (24.5%) subsequently underwent an invasive test for a definitive diagnosis. The sensitivity and false positive rate of this indirect approach was 100.0% and 2.9% respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is cost effective to run a universal prenatal screening program in an area where both \u03b2\u2010thalassaemia and \u03b1\u2010thalassaemia are prevalent. The indirect approach can effectively avoid an invasive test in unaffected pregnancies. Copyright \u00a9 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,24]],"date-time":"2004-11-24T16:46:35Z","timestamp":1101314795000},"page":"899-907","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Cost\u2010effectiveness of prenatal screening for thalassaemia in Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"K. Y.","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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