{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T17:07:40Z","timestamp":1771002460280,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,15]],"date-time":"2006-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1147651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the screening performance of early second\u2010trimester prenatal serum markers for Down syndrome, in screening for the development of pre\u2010eclampsia, and analyse the uncertainty over its screening performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A nested case\u2010control study was carried out on 96 women with pre\u2010eclampsia and 5 controls for each case from among the women attending three hospitals in London for their prenatal care. Record linkage between computerized obstetric and screening databases identified women with pre\u2010eclampsia and unaffected control women. The stored frozen serum samples collected from these pregnancies between 15 and 22 weeks' gestation were retrieved and assayed for \u03b1\u2010fetoprotein (AFP), unconjugated estriol (uE<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), total human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), free \u03b2\u2010hCG and inhibin\u2010A.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pre\u2010eclampsia was identified from the computerized obstetric records and confirmed by examination of the medical notes. In the pregnancies that went on to develop pre\u2010eclampsia, early second trimester inhibin\u2010A and hCG values were significantly raised and uE<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> values were significantly lowered, while AFP values were not significantly altered. Using the Quadruple test markers (AFP, uE<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, hCG (total or free \u03b2) and inhibin\u2010A), an estimated 34% of pregnancies that developed pre\u2010eclampsia were detected at a 5% false\u2010positive rate. If all the women who had pre\u2010eclampsia in a previous pregnancy (assuming a pre\u2010eclampsia prevalence of 4%) are considered as screen positive and the serum test is applied to the remaining women, then around 42% of pre\u2010eclamptic pregnancies would be detected at a 6.5% false\u2010positive rate. Pre\u2010eclampsia screening performance using the Quadruple test markers was materially better than that using the Triple test markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adding screening for pre\u2010eclampsia to an existing Down syndrome screening programme using the Quadruple test markers is simple and worthwhile. It will detect over 40% of pregnancies with pre\u2010eclampsia at an acceptable false\u2010positive rate (about 6%) and with minimal additional costs. Copyright \u00a9 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,15]],"date-time":"2006-05-15T10:03:23Z","timestamp":1147687403000},"page":"559-564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Screening in early pregnancy for pre\u2010eclampsia using down syndrome quadruple test markers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Wald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan K.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Ibison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiesheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynne M.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2000.0540"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2005.00412.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)80010-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000147599.47713.5d"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6966.1395"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38380.674340.E0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000172419.37410.eb"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DuleyL Henderson\u2010SmartDJ KnightM KingJF.2003.Anti\u2010platelet agent for preventing pre\u2010eclampsia and its complications. The cochrane database of systematic reviews. Issue 4; Article no: CD004659 DOI: 10.1002\/14651858.CD004659.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004659"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5576(00)00050-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7491.576"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17987-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jms.8.2.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7224.1562"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6653.883"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Why Mothers Die 2000\u20132002.2004.Report on confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the United Kingdom. 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