{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T23:26:51Z","timestamp":1785194811028,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,30]],"date-time":"2006-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To confirm that measuring pregnancy\u2010associated plasma protein\u2010A (PAPP\u2010A) in both first\u2010 and second\u2010trimester serum samples improves Down syndrome screening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We selected paired first\u2010 and second\u2010trimester stored serum samples from 34 Down syndrome pregnancies (cases) and 514 unaffected pregnancies (controls) and tested the second\u2010trimester samples for PAPP\u2010A and dimeric inhibin\u2010A (DIA). First\u2010trimester PAPP\u2010A measurements were already available, as were second\u2010trimester measurements of alpha\u2010fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol (uE3), and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PAPP\u2010A was lower among cases than controls (0.47 MoM) in the first trimester (at an average of 12.5 weeks); in the second trimester, it was not different (0.91 MoM). Using repeated measures of PAPP\u2010A alone, 21 of 34 cases were detected (62%, 95%CI 44% to 78%) with 5% false positives. At an observed 2% false\u2010positive rate, the detection rates (DR) for the quadruple (69%) and serum integrated (69%) tests were lower than for the repeated measures test (75%). Modelled performance at 12 weeks was similar to these observed findings (70, 75, and 82%, respectively). If the first\u2010trimester samples were collected at 10 weeks, however, DR would be higher (70, 81, and 91%, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adding a repeated measure of PAPP\u2010A to existing serum markers improves Down syndrome screening to levels that are currently obtainable only by including ultrasound measurement of nuchal translucency (NT). Serum\u2010based screening has the advantages of higher availability and reliability at a lower cost, resulting in a more effective screening strategy. A serum\u2010based repeated measures test has a place in routine Down syndrome screening. Copyright \u00a9 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,30]],"date-time":"2006-06-30T17:42:11Z","timestamp":1151689331000},"page":"730-739","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Repeated measurement of pregnancy\u2010associated plasma protein\u2010A (PAPP\u2010A) in Down syndrome screening: A validation study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Glenn E.","family":"Palomaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Summers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis M.","family":"Neveux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"O'Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianhua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George J.","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Haddow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1215"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb12025.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908123410709"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2002.00123.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6850.425-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19960424)62:4<376::AID-AJMG10>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970130312"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2005.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043693"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe038135"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000195061.48747.f4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70400-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2005.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329403100504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456320203900604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096914130301000302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/096914103321824133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","author":"Wald NJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Screen"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6844.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa025273"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1451"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00343.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.974"}],"container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpd.1497","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pd.1497","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T19:25:31Z","timestamp":1700076331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pd.1497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,30]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pd.1497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pd.1497","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-3851","1097-0223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-3851","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0223","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,30]]}}}