{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T12:20:08Z","timestamp":1778070008952,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,2]],"date-time":"2007-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives and Methods<\/jats:bold> Assuming that the rate of fetal loss after amniocentesis may be reduced in patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis, we conducted a retrospective study on untreated versus treated patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics (amoxicillin\/clavulanic\u2010acid or azithromycin) and evaluated the fetal loss rate within the 22nd week of gestation, also with respect to the risk of spontaneous abortion, both preexisting and related to mid\u2010trimester amniocentesis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold> Spontaneous abortion occurred in 22 cases out of 1744 (1.26%). The incidence of spontaneous abortion was 1.3% among patients treated with antibiotic prophylaxis and 1.2% among untreated patients. Between patients with risk factors that predated amniocentesis, the spontaneous fetal loss rate was 9.2% in untreated patients versus 2.3% in patients treated (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.10). In patients with procedure\u2010related risk factors at amniocentesis, the spontaneous abortion rate was, respectively, 2.2 and 1.2% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.72).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold> Our data demonstrate that antibiotic prophylaxis does not reduce the risk of spontaneous abortion within the 22nd week of gestation. Compared with untreated patients, patients treated with amoxicillin showed the lower fetal loss rate (1.16 vs 0.31%), but the difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>) = 3.68, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.32). The same was true for patients with preexisting risks (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 4.25, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.10). Copyright \u00a9 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,2]],"date-time":"2007-07-02T14:24:45Z","timestamp":1183386285000},"page":"956-959","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Mid\u2010trimester amniocentesis and antibiotic prophylaxis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Dandolo","family":"Gramellini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Fieni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Casilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Raboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Battista","family":"Nardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0223(200003)20:3<247::AID-PD794>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000020814"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7200185"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"294","article-title":"Isolation of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum from amniotic fluid at 16\u201320 weeks of gestation: potential effect on outcome of pregnancy","volume":"10","author":"Cassell GH","year":"1983","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(05)70338-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970050504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/368205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970120206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2006.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10647440300025508"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Infection of amniotic cavity with Ureaplasma urealyticum in the midtrimester of pregnancy","volume":"40","author":"Horowitz S","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"256","article-title":"Bacteriologic studies of the amniotic fluid following amniocentesis","volume":"190","author":"Lettau R","year":"1986","journal-title":"Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349709024337"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-0997(2000)8:5<220::AID-IDOG1022>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-923432"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2001.00246.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.05.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000141650.01076.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90715-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.2005.Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villous Sampling. 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