{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T13:01:36Z","timestamp":1698325296347},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,21]],"date-time":"2005-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8179,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 2872 second trimester amniocenteses followed by amniotic alphafetoprotein (AFP) estimations carried out in South Wales between 1973 and 1981 on women known to be at increased risk for neural tube defect (NTD) and those who had a raised serum AFP level in an NTD screening programme led to the identification of 78 pregnancies of a fetus with anen\u2010cephalus, 61 with \u2018open\u2019 spina bifida, 8 with gastroschisis, 3 with exomphalos, 2 with encephalo\u2010cele and 6 with chromosome abnormality. Pregnancies of fetuses having 4 potentially identifiable NTDs were missed because of an equivocal AFP level and there were two false positive results leading to the termination of one normal fetus. It is emphasized that both the latter problems of one normal fetus. It is emphasized that both the latter problems would not have occurred had gel\u2010electrophoresis for isoenzymes of acetyl cholinesterase been available. Follow\u2010up of pregnancies showed that 7 children with \u2018closed\u2019 NTD and 3 with congenital hydrocephalus were born.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The anencephalics and the \u2018open\u2019 spina bifidas had a more florid lesion than is usual at term. Nearly all the spina bifidas were associated with hydrocephalus, often severe and with an obvious Arnold\u2010Chiari malformation. All but 13 had leg or back deformation or malformations in other systems, mostly in the renal tract.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970030303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T23:33:06Z","timestamp":1172964786000},"page":"187-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Amniocentesis carried out for neural tube indications in South Wales 1973\u20131981: Outcome of pregnancies and findings in the malformed abortuses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"K. M.","family":"Laurence","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. O.","family":"Dew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. H.","family":"Downey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(82)90415-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Advances in the Study of Birth Defects","author":"Bell J. E.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1980.tb00201.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Congenital malformation of the central nervous system","volume":"19","author":"Bradshaw J.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Population Trends"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"220","article-title":"Screening for abnormalities by ultrasound","volume":"18","author":"Crawfurd M. \u010f'A.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1982.tb03618.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)90354-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.39.203.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Preparation of neural tube defects by genetic councilling prenatal diagnostic surveillance and pregnancy screening","volume":"24","author":"Laurence K. M.","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Genetic. Hum."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688207500910","article-title":"Towards prevention of neural tube defects: discussion paper","volume":"75","author":"Laurence K. M.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Roy. Sac. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"146","article-title":"The major central nervous system malformations in South Wales. I. Incidence local variations and geographical factors","volume":"22","author":"Laurence K. M.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Brit. J. Prev. Soc. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Laurence K. M. Bligh A. S. Evans K. T. Shurtleff D. B.. (1971).Vertebral abnormalities in parents and sibs of cases of spina bifida cystica and enencephaly Proceedings of the 13th Congress of Paediatrics Vol. V 415\u2013421."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Prevention of Spina Bifida and Other Neural Defects","author":"Laurence K. M.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Pathology Annual","author":"Laurence K. 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Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92424-8","article-title":"Efficacy of a serum AFP screening service for neural tube defect: the South Wales experience","author":"Roberts C. J.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)91102-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90886-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"South Wales Anencephaly and Spina Bifida Screening Group. (1982).Planning a serum AFP screening programme for the detection of neural tube defects (in preparation)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"1323","article-title":"Maternal serum alphafetoprotein measurement in the antenal screening for anencephaly and spina bifida in early pregnancy","author":"U. K. Collaborative Study","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"651","article-title":"Second report of the UK collaborative Study on alphafetoprotein in relation to neural tube defects: Alphafetoprotein measurements in the diagnosis of anencephaly and open spina bifida in early pregnancy","author":"U. K. Collaborative Study","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"473","article-title":"Alphafetoprotein in the antenatal diagnosis of open neural tube defects","volume":"24","author":"Wald N. J.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Brit. J. Hasp. 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