{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T15:16:35Z","timestamp":1773674195003,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,21]],"date-time":"2005-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8087,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Time\u2010lapse cinemicrography has been used to study cell behaviour and movement in long\u2010and short\u2010term amniotic fluid cultures from various types of fetus. These included several with a neural tube defect (9 anencephalics, 5 spina bifidas, 2 encephaloceles), 1 with an abdominal wall lesion (omphalocele) and 9 controls with no open lesion. In short\u2010term (&lt;3 days) amniotic fluid cultures from normal fetuses, non\u2010adherent squamous cells dominate, but there is a small population of cells which, in the longer term (\u223c4 weeks), will form colonies of epithelioid and fibroblastic cells. In addition, there is a further group, called \u2018AF\u2019 by Hoehn <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic> (1974), which have the ability to form syncitial strands and are often multinucleated; these cells seem to be trophoblastic in origin. In contrast to the controls, short\u2010term anencephalic cultures contained many adherent cells; these were mainly latex\u2010particle\u2010phagocytosing macrophages and neural cells. In long\u2010term cultures, the neural cells dominate and differentiate into a range of recognizable forms whose type and behaviour seem to depend on cell density, time in culture and extent of cell\u2010cell contacts. In the spina bifida and encephalocele cultures, there were initially far fewer adherent cells than in the anencephalic ones, but, after \u223c2 weeks <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, a range of neural cell types could be recognized in addition to those seen in the controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In the context of prenatal diagnosis, the presence of neural cells certainly indicates that the fetus has a NTD, but the difficulty of standardizing culture conditions implies that any differential diagnosis on the basis or morphology and movement will be difficult. If, as seems likely, the AF cells of Hoehn <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic> (1974) are indeed trophoblastic, amniotic fluids from the second trimester may provide a useful source of these cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970030408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T23:32:27Z","timestamp":1172964747000},"page":"311-326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Analysis of normal and abnormal amniotic fluid cells <i>in vitro<\/i> by cinemicrography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Medina\u2010Gomez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. B. 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